8/30/2011

Matsimaは松島か、松前か?

1760.東海呼称問題:18世紀の英辞典も「Sea of Corea」 の報道について、
の添付画像に書かれたMatsimaについて。

一部ブログなどは、きちんと検証もせずに、この記事の『Universal Gazetterに添付されている地図に書いてあるMatsimaを、江戸時代の日本の竹島の呼称である、”松島”である』との書き込みを見たことがありますが、これは正しくないです。結論からすると、これは松前と考えられます。

まず、例の報道1760年のUniversal Gazetterの写真を見てみます。
この写真の、北海道のような大きな島と、そしてその南、すなわち北海道と思われる島と本州の間にいくつか小さな島がある事に注目してください。
次に、1745年のBowenのアジア図を見てみます(David Ramsey)
この地図にはYedzoつまり北海道と思われる島と、本州の間に
島がいくつか記載されています。ここにMatsimaIと記載があります。
これが、1760年の地名辞典の添付図に記載されたMatsimaとほぼ一致します。
このことから考えると、作者は、松島ではなく、松前を意図して書いたものではないか、と推測します。
島根の竹島の江戸時代の名称"松島”を記載するとなると、隠岐の北西とか、そのあたりに記載すると考えられますし、また、鬱陵島、つまり江戸時代名”竹島”を記載せずに、”松島”だけ記載しているというのも妙な話です。


地図:1745.A new & accurate map of Asia. Drawn from actual surveys, and otherwise collected from journals; assisted by the most approved modern maps & charts. The whole being regulated by astronl. observations. By Eman. Bowen. (London: Printed for William Innys, Richard Ware, Aaron Ward, J. and P. Knapton, John Clarke, T. Longman and T. Shewell, Thomas Osborne, Henry Whitridge ... M.DCC.XLVII)
http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~2580~270032:A-new-&-accurate-map-of-Asia--Drawn

この地図から判断すると、本州の北端と北海道の間にある二つの島の一つにMatsimaIと記載があります。これは、所謂江戸時代の松島(現在の島根の竹島)ではなく松前でしょう。
ひょっとすると、外国人は、長崎の出島のような、島だと思ったのでしょうか?北方探検史は詳しくないので詳しい方ご存知でしたら教えてください。

そして、決定的なのは、 A system of universal geography, or A description of all the parts of the world, on a new plan, according to the great natural divisions of the globe 1834 の記述です。
http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=iKUgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA385&lpg=PA385&dq=MatsimaI&source=bl&ots=6DsqeZlgwY&sig=JXZdyTxNT0cqp28K-frDbMWkWIY&hl=ja&ei=UaldTteZMsSImQWUrY0B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=MatsimaI&f=false
ここに、Matsumae/MatsimaIが出てきます。
Matsumai*1, or the Town of the Strait")Matsi being the word for a strait、is built near the south end of tehe island. It is a Japanese fortress, and inaccessible by land. Other military post extend along the western coast all the way to the northern point. It consting the western shore, we meet with the islanns of Osima, Kosima, Okosiri, Rissiri, (which contains the Pic Je Langle of La Perouse) and Refoonsiri. Trhe large grlph which extends inthe the country, is called by the Russia the Gulph of Strogonof. The last station to the north is Notsjiab, the Notzamboo of Krusenstern . 以下省略
脚注
*MatsimaI

このMatsumaiについてはUniversal geography, or A description of all parts of the world, on a new plan, according to the great natural divisions of the globe.1827にも出てきます。

まあ、この地図にはSea of Koreaが記載されてはいます。そして、例のMatsimaIが記載されています。
先の報道ですと、画像はMatsimaとなっておりますが、位置、スペルから該当するとIが脱落または誤字によるものか、どちらかだと思います。

まあ、この時代の西洋の地図に竹島(鬱陵島)松島(島根竹島)が掲載されているとは思えません。西洋の地図で鬱陵島がきちんと記載されるのが、James Conett aboard Argonautの発見”Argonaut island"とLa Perouseの日本海探検のときのDagelet、これが1780年代です。この二つの記録が、西洋では欝陵島の”発見”の最初とされており、それ以前に欝陵島の報告はありませんし、これいこう、シーボルトに関しても、竹島をアルゴノート島、松島をDagelet島として、まあ実際には欝陵島の話しなのですが、日本のいわゆる江戸時代の松島は西洋に全く知られていません。
また、西洋においては、現在の島根の竹島はLiancourt rocksもしくはHornetRocksと呼ばれていましたが、この”発見”はフランス捕鯨船Liancourt号が1849年に”発見”したもので、それ以前から存在を知られていたとは考えられません。

ArgonautとDagelet以前は、D'anville系統の地図が特徴的ですが、朝鮮半島付近にはTchansantaoとFanglintaoの二つが、おもに朝鮮で製作された地図を載せた中国図に記載されますが、これらにはTakoshima/TakeshimaとMatsusimaの名称はありません

この成果をまとめた海図がKrusenstern以降、1850年代の英国海図以前の地図ですが、この時期の地図には旧来の中国図からTchansantaoとFanlintaoを朝鮮半島沿岸Sampu(さむちょく)付近に書き、一方ArgonautとDageletを日本海の洋上にも書いています。

そしてこのArgonautとDageletにTakoshima/TakeshimaとMatsusimaを宛がうのがシーボルトで、それによりこの二つの島(実際はアルゴノート島は存在しない)が西洋の地図に記載されることになります。


このような経緯で、竹島アルゴノート島と松島ダーシュレ島が西洋の地図に載るようになった経緯を時期を考えると、それ以前の時代に記載されたMatsimaが江戸時代の松島つまり島根竹島である可能性はまず考えられません。これは上述の欧米資料から考えると、松前であると考えられます。

8/29/2011

1896.Problems of the Far East, Japan--Korea--China

Problems of the Far East, Japan--Korea--China (1896)
Author: Curzon, George Nathaniel Curzon, Marquis of, 1859-1925
Publisher: Westminster : A. Constable and Co.
http://www.archive.org/details/problemsoffareas00curz

attached map of Korea: nothing name of marginal sea between japan and korea.
But Broughton Bay or Koraen gulf was written in east korean gulf today
http://www.archive.org/stream/problemsoffareas00curz#page/214/mode/1up

text:the Sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/problemsoffareas00curz#page/212/mode/2up/search/sea
In the negotiations that passed between the respective Governments it was obvious, indeed, that what China shrank from, and what Korea dreaded, was not the establishment of a British naval or coaling station, or even of a British maritime fortress in the mouth of the Sea of Japan, but the chance of a corresponding Russian movement in some neighbouring quarter; and both Powers were grateful for a step which forced th land of Rusia, and compelled her to give a guarantee, which lent a renewed lease of life to the phantom of Korean integrity , and has so far saved the little kingdom from sudden or surreptitious deglutition at the hands of her formidable neighbour.



Korean said "the name of Sea of Japan is spread after annexaton of Korea on 1910?" The name of sea of Japan already established as a international conventional words far before annexation.. 2003.02.13.Korean lies more 671 times than Japanese do. Ofcourse bloggers here already recognize Korean claims is filled up with distorture.

8/20/2011

1811.Reize om de wereld gedaan in de jaren 1803, 1804, 1805 en 1806 [microform] : op bevel van Alexander den eersten keizer van Rusland

Reize om de wereld gedaan in de jaren 1803, 1804, 1805 en 1806: op bevel van Alexander den eersten keizer van Rusland (1811)
Author: Kruzenshtern, Ivan Fedorovich, 1770-1846
Publisher: Te Haarlem : Bij A. Loosjes Pz.
http://www.archive.org/details/cihm_18433

Attached map:
Japaniche Zee (Japan Sea)
Stram van Corea (Strait of Corea)


http://www.archive.org/stream/cihm_18433#page/n6/mode/1up


8/17/2011

The Defenition of "Sea of Japan " is as follows on S-23

U.S. asks IHO if ‘East Sea’ could be in index
http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2940120
August 12, 2011
WASHINGTON - The United States government has asked the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) to consider using East Sea as an “alternate name” for the Sea of Japan in the appendix of its internationally recognized publication, a diplomatic source told the JoongAng Ilbo on Tuesday.
The move came after the Korean public responded angrily to reports that a U.S. government agency informed the international authority of its support for the sole use of the Sea of Japan to refer to the body of water that lies east of the Korean Peninsula.
Koreans have called it the East Sea for the past 2,000 years, according to historical documents. Seoul has maintained that the IHO should use its preferred name together with the Sea of Japan.
The United States, the source said, told the IHO to consider possibly listing the East Sea as an alternate name in its appendix, as it would be difficult to use both names simultaneously in the main text of its authoritative publication on the names and locations of bodies of water.
“Including the East Sea in the appendix can show that it is being used as another name for the Sea of Japan,” the diplomatic source said.
By Park Seung-hee [joe@joongang.co.kr]



I guess the proposal is ,to using Sea of Japan in chart, and to add the text " Korean call it "East Sea"? on the S-23 publication as follows? Actually the "East Sea" is not the Sea of Japan which Defined in the S-23 publication by IHO. "East Sea" is just a concept around east coast of Korean coast, which is just a one part of Sea of Japan. Today, Korean distorts it is East Sea.

The Defenition of "Sea of Japan " is as follows on S-23
https://sites.google.com/site/japanseamerdujapon/Home/-what-is-limits-of-oceans-and-seas-s-23-
http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf
PDF page 34. Article 52 "Sea of Japan".
52.-Japan Sea/
On the Southwest
The Northeastern limit of the Eastern China Sea (50) and the Western Limit of the Inland Sea (53.

On the Southeast
In Simonoseki Kaikyo
A line running from Nagoya Saki (130"49'.05E) in Kyusyu through the island of Uma Sima and Muture Sima (33"58'05 N) to Murasaki Hana (34"01' N) in Honsyu.

On the East
In the Tsugaru Kaiko
From the extremity of Siraya Saki (141"28' E) to the extremity of Esan Saki (41"48' N)

On the Northeast
In La Perouse Strait (Soya Kaikyo)   
A line joining Soni Misaki and ishi Notoro Misaki (45"55' N)

On the North
From Cape Tuik (51"45.7 N) to Cape Suchcheva.


It is because they want single description only "East Sea" and wanna abolish Sea of Japan in the future, and writing both names simultaneously is just a one process to thier wicked goal, so they refuse this proposal.
http://www.jiji.com/jc/zc?k=201108/2011081200647

8/16/2011

2011.08.14『東海は300年前から世界が認めた「韓国海」』 か?

2011/08/14 東海は300年前から世界が認めた「韓国海」だ~ホヤ地理博物館館長 の歪曲


東海は300年前から世界が認めた「韓国海」だ~ホヤ地理博物館館長http://kamome.2ch.net/test/read.cgi/news4plus/1313412259/1

のうち、虚偽の指摘に対する説明を段落を下げて書いていきます。


(寧越=聯合ニュース)日本が独島(ドクト、日本名:竹島)に続き東海表記まで挑発する中で「記号

で表示した世界の人の約束」である地図は300年余り前から「東海が韓国海」という真実を語って
いるという主張が提起されて関心を集めている。

早速、今回のこの文章から、韓国は、「東海」は間違った主張である事を認めたようです。その上、今度は、「韓国海」として、新たな反日プロパガンダの攻勢に躍起のようです。 そもそも、”世界”が日本海を「東海」と認めていた事実は有りません。世界で「東海」といえば、それは「East China Sea](東シナ海)の事を指します。

15日江原寧越郡水周面ホヤ地理博物館ヤン・ジェリョン館長が出した「私たちの土地、独島・東
海・韓国海」によれば西洋に韓国と日本の間の海が西洋に初めて知らされたのはハメル漂流記
が出た1668年以降だ。韓国で生活した最初の西洋人ハメルが半島の事実を知らせる前まで西洋
地図に韓国は島として表示された。

これまで韓国と日本はアジア大陸の東側の海、すなわち東方海(Mer Orientale)の中にある島だっ
た。だが、ハメル漂流記で韓国が島ではなく半島であることが明らかになり、韓国の東側と日本の
西側の間に小さい海ができた。この新しい海の名前がすなわち「韓国海(Mer de Coree)」だ。

これを始まりに17世紀末から19世紀始めまで世界のすべての地図は韓半島東側の海を「韓国
海(Sea of Korea)」と表記した。1748年、フランスのパランの中国地図(L'EMPIRE DE LA CHINA )、
1749年フランス、ポガンディの日本歩幅(?)地図(LE JAPON)等、ホヤ地理博物館が所蔵している
西洋古地図にはこの海の名前がすべて韓国海(Mer de Coree)と表示されている。

ハメルを韓国人は拉致監禁しましたが、それ以降すぐにMer de Coreeが定着したとすると、1720年代のDu hadleの中国誌などに、Mer du Japonが記載されているのは不可解です。
確かに、17世紀後半から、朝鮮半島が地続きの細長い半島として描かれるようになります。だがしかし、朝鮮版図地図が具体化するのはD'anville以降になります。

また、17世紀末(1600年代)から19世紀始め(1800年代)の世界のすべての地図は朝鮮半島東岸の海を
「韓国海」と表記していません。これは確認すればすぐわかることですが、なぜ、このような嘘を億劫も無く主張するのか、非常に残念に思います。
一 例:L'Asie. Suivant les nouvelles decouvertes dont les point principaux sont placez sur les observations de Mrs. de l'Academie Royale des Sciences. Par N. de Fer. Avec Privilege du Roy. 1717.

確かに、D'anvilleの中国誌以降、La Perouseの登場まで、60年間は、朝鮮海は優勢な状況でした。
しかし、1680-1710年くらいですと、まだ、Mer orientaleなどが混在していますし、1720年代のDu hadleの中国誌などに、Mer du Japonが記載されていますから、ハメル以降に一時的に定着したというのは疑問があります。
Danville以降、LaPerouseあたりまでというならそうでしょう。

La Perouse, Broughton,Basil hall,Krusensternの日本海や朝鮮沿岸の航海の結果、地理情報が大幅に増え、その結果、中国の東側の地理情報として、Sea of JapanとStrait of Coreaが固まっていくことになりました。
一方で、Mer de Coreeは、フランス等の地図では、現在の東朝鮮湾などに記載され、それがGulf de Coreeや、Broughton bayという名称に変化していくことになります。
The Process Mer Du Coree become Broughton Bay, TongJoseonMan today.

ホヤ地理博物館が所蔵している 西洋古地図にはこの海の名前がすべて韓国海(Mer de Coree)と表示されている。
ホヤ地理博物館はプロパガンダのために意図的にMer de Coreeと記載されている地図だけ展示しているのか?と疑いたくなります。


当時「日本海(Sea of Japan)」は東海(韓国海)ではなく日本本州南側海であった。ホヤ地理博物館
所蔵1752年パランの日本地図(CARTE DE L'EMPIRE DU JAPON)にはこのような韓国海(MER DE
COREE)と日本海(MER DE JAPON)の位置が明確だ。

この地図を見てみましょう。(大阪大学図書館蔵)http://www2.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/tenji/maps/map005.htm
たしかに、この地図では、日本の南岸に、「Mer du Japon」の記載があります。
しかし、この時期のほかの地図を見てみると、このような例はそれほど多くないことがわかります。


ヤン館長はこの本で韓国海が19世紀以後、西洋の近代地図から日本海に変わり始め、これは当
時の日本が韓国より西洋世界にさらに良く知られていたためだと分析した。1815年、トムソンが描
いたのも「韓国と日本(ホヤ地理博物館所蔵)」には韓国海が日本海に変わって表記されている。
そして、この日本海は国際水路機構(IHO)の1929年、世界の海の名前決定で現代世界各国地図
に韓国海の代わりに登場し始めた。

:1929年どころか、既に1850年代の欧米等の水路誌は日本海が共通して使われている事実を無視しているようです。この1850年代の日本海周辺の地理が定着化していく過程は、La PerouseからKrusensternなどの航海に基づくところが大きいのです。


しかし、日本は1882年まで自国の地図(大日本朝鮮八道支那三国全図)に韓国海を日本海ではな
く'朝鮮海'と書いた。朝鮮海は我が国が朝鮮時代に表記した韓国海の名前だ。朝鮮海は大韓帝
国時代には'大韓海'で、大韓民国時代には'東海'で各々通用した。

日本は1882年まで自国の地図(大日本朝鮮八道支那三国全図)に韓国海を日本海ではな
く'朝鮮海'と書いた。
:→大日本朝鮮八道支那三国全図を見てみます。
日本海には、”日本西海”と記載されています。
一方、朝鮮海と書かれているのは、朝鮮半島の東沿岸部から朝鮮海峡にかけてです。
(田中邦貴氏 竹島問題)

この地図の例のみならず、韓国側は、日本は日本海を「朝鮮海」と書いていた、としていくつかの地図を提示しますが、 よく調べてみると、日本海部分ではなく、朝鮮東岸や、朝鮮海峡を示しているのがほとんどです。
Japanese map describes "朝鮮海"Corean sea?.

また、そもそも、1790年に、既に.華夷一覧図 木村蒹葭堂 が日本海と記載していますし、
1802.年の采覧異言などでもそうです。http://seaofjapan-noeastsea.blogspot.com/2009/07/blog-post.html
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/kaiichiranzu-1790/
(田中邦貴氏 竹島問題)

ヤン館長
は偏った民族主義と反日プロパガンダのためには調べればすぐに嘘だとわかることを平気で主張する方のようです。


ヤン館長はこういう日本が露日戦争(1904~1905年)以後、独島領有権はもちろん東海表記まで
主張し始めたという。1904年までだけでも独島と鬱陵島の位置を間違って表記するほどだった日
本は東海で起きた露日戦争で独島の戦略的重要性を認識し、独島領有権を主張する「島根県告
示」を急いで発表するなど侵奪野心を露骨化し始めた。

1904年までだけでも独島と鬱陵島の位置を間違って表記するほどだった日 本は
→シーボルト以降、1905年までの近代的な西洋の技術に基づく日本の地図では、竹島は存在しないアルゴノート島を指し、松島は、ダーシュレ島、つまり松島鬱陵島を指します。 1905年以前は島根の竹島はリアンコールド岩として海図に記載されていました。 


西洋はもちろん日本古地図で独島と鬱陵島の位置が変わっているが、その理由は我が国の古地
図の製作上の秘密のためだと説明した。我が国の古地図製作者は鬱陵島東側の遠海にある独
島を同じ地図に表記しにくかったので、すぐに独島を鬱陵島の西側に描く方法を使ったと推定され
るということだ。


: 上の写真のような1694年以前の地図で、于山島が西に記載されている理由は、全く解明されていません。ホ氏の説明は単なる推定に過ぎません。1694年 以前の朝鮮の地図は、地誌に書かれた、于山島と鬱陵島の相対的な位置関係が書かれていないことから、時には鬱陵島の西側に、時には北西に、時には南西に書 かれていることから考えられます。1300-1711 Korean antique maps
しかし、この著者は、1694年以降の朝鮮王朝の鬱陵島捜討官の製作した鬱陵島詳細図、つまり鬱陵島調査結果を反映して作成された図に記載された于山島が東に、南北に細長い一島で、北部に山があり、竹が生えている島として記載されていることを無視しているようです。
おそらくは意図的に無視しているでしょう。それは、この于山島が島根の竹島で無いことがばれてしまうからですhttp://outdoor.geocities.jp/yabutarou01/


こういう理由で1905年まで日本で製作されたすべての地図には竹島、すなわち独島が松島として
書かれ、鬱陵島左側に内側に表示されたし、こういう誤りを日本が修正しないのは独島と鬱陵島
が自国領土ではなかったためだったと解釈した。


シー ボルト以降、1905年までの近代的な西洋の技術に基づく日本の地図では、竹島は存在しないアルゴノート島を指し、松島は、ダーシュレ島、つまり松島鬱陵 島を指します。 1905年以前は島根の竹島はリアンコールド岩として海図に記載されていましたが、これが記載されていない地図もあります。 まあ、 1905年以前に領有意識がなかったとは言えますが、一方で韓国側には島根竹島を実効支配した記録はありません。 また、韓国の地図には島根の竹島(韓国 称独島)は記載されていません。 
・1880年の戦艦天城の鬱陵島調査の前と後の公的な地図の変化
・竹島アルゴノート島 松島ダーシュレ島の地図を、鬱陵島と独島と嘘をつく韓国メディア
ヤン館長は"日本が独島を侵奪しようと最近では「日本海表記」論議を起こしながら大韓海峡まで
日本海峡(対馬海峡)に変えようとしている」として「これを遮断しようとするなら感情的対応よりは
世界の人が表示した地図など、より確実な証拠を客観化するなど論理的に堂々としていなければ
ならない」と話した。

管理人註:朝鮮海峡(Strait of Corea)は、La Perouseが日本と朝鮮の間を通り、日本海を航海した跡、欧米で
Sea of JapanとともにStrait of Coreaは国際慣習表記となりました。 日本ではこの海峡を対馬海峡と呼んでいますが、朝鮮海峡を対馬海峡に改名すべき、と主張していることは聞いた事はありません。
おそらく、韓国にありがちな反日扇動のための虚偽のプロパガンダであることが考えられます。


ソース:聯合ニュース(韓国語) <東海は300年前世界が認めた'韓国海'だ>
http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/local/2011/08/15/0809000000AKR20110815045000062.HTML

1833(1837).Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, (Volume 8. 1837)

1833.Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, (Volume 8. 1837)
Author: Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain)
Publisher: London, C. Knight
Volume 8 1837.
http://www.archive.org/details/pennycyclopaedi00goog

Penny cyclopaedia says It is Sea of Japan.
Korean fake propaganda said "Sea of Japan is spread after annexaton of Korea on 1910. The name of sea of Japan already established as a international conventional around early 19th century. Ofcourse bloggers here already recognize Korean claims is filled up with distorture.

Text: the Sea of Japan.
http://www.archive.org/stream/pennycyclopaedi00goog#page/n16/mode/2up/search/corea
COREA is a large peninsula on the eastern coast of Asia, whose sovereign is tributary to the emperors of China and Japan, but otherwise independent The peninsula is surrounded on the cast by the sea of Japan, on the south by the straits of Corea—which divides it from the Japanese island of Kiou-siou—and on the west by the Hoang-Hai, or Yellow Sea, which separates it from China Proper. It extends, from south to north, from 34° to 40° N. lat., or about 420 miles; but the countries north of the peninsula, as far as 43°, are also subject to the sovereign of Corea, so that the whole country from south to north may be 630 miles. Its width, lying between 124° and 134° E. lat., varies from 100 to 200 miles. Its area may be about 90,000 square miles, or somewhat more than Great Britain. Corea appears to be a very mountainous country. Oil its northern boundary is the Chang-pe-shan, a high mountainrange, partly covered with snow, which separates the Coreans from their northern neighbours, the Manchoo. From this chain another branches off in a south-south-east direction, which traverses the whole of the peninsula as far as the strait of Corea. Its highest part is near the shores of the sea of Japan, towards which it descends with great rapidity; and in this part the level or cultivable tracts are of small extent. The numerous offsets to the west, which are less elevated and steep, contain between them large and well-cultivated valleys. The largest rivers occur in the northern part of the country, where the Thumen-Kiang, rising in the centre of the Chang-pe-shan, runs north-east, and towards its mouth east. It falls into the sea of Japan. Its banks, though fertile, are uninhabited, in conformity to the order of the Chinese emperor; the object of this policy being to have a well-settled boundary between Corea and the Manchoo. The Yalukiang rises nearly in the samo place, and runs first west, then south. It falls into the Hoang-Hai, according to the Chinese geographers, with twelve mouths. It is said to be navigable for junks 35 miles (100 lees), and for barges about 180 miles (520 lees). The rivers which traverse the valleys of the peninsula have a short course. The coasts of Corea are high and bold, except in the innermost recesses of the numerous bays and harbours. There are few islands along the eastern shores, except in Broughton's Bay(39°30'N.lat.), where they are numerous. In the strait of Corea they are also very numerous, and still more so between the island of Quelpaerts and the southern coast. Between 34° and 35° N. lat. and 125° and 126° E. long., Captain Maxwell found the sea literally dotted with islands and rocks, which he called the Corean Archipelago, and the most south-western group Amherst Isles, i arther north (38° N. lat.) is another group, called James Hall's Archipelago. These islands are rocky and high, but generally inhabited. Tliey are rarely more than three or four miles in length. The largest, the island of Quelpaerts, south of the peninsula, is about sixty miles in circuit, and in the centre a peak rises upwards of 6000 feet above the sea. Corea is a very cold country. For four months the northern rivers are covered with ice, and barley only is cultivated along their banks. Even the river near King-ki-tao freezes so hard that carriages pass over the ice. In summer the heat appears not to be great. On the eastern coasts fogs are frequent; and La Perouse thinks he may compare them in density with those along the coasts of Labrador. Rice is extensively cultivated on the peninsula, as well as cotton and silk, which are employed in the manufactures of the country, and exported in the manufactured state. Hemp is also cultivated, and in the northern district ginseng is gathered. Tobacco is raised all over the country. Horses and cattle are plentiful on the mountain-pastures The former, which are small, are exported to China. In the northern districts the sable and other animals give fur. The royal tiger, which is a native of the country, is covered with a longer and closer hair than hi Bengal. On the eastern coast whales are numerous. It seems that Corea is rich in minerals. Gold, silver, iron, salt, and coals, are noticed in the Chinese geography. The inhabitants, who are of the Mongol race, resemble the Chinese and Japanese, but they are taller and stouter. Among them are some whose appearance seems to indicate a different origin. They speak a language different from the Chinese and Manchoo, though it contains many Chinese words. They have also a different mode of writing it, though the Chinese characters are in general use among the upper classes. In manner and civilization they much resemble the Chinese, and are likewise Buddhists. Education is highly valued, especially among the upper classes. They seem to have a rich literature of their own, but their language is very imperfectly known in Europe. The valleys seem to be well peopled; but we are so little acquainted with the interior, that hitherto nobody has ventured to give an estimate of the population. King-ki-tao, the capital, which is a few miles north of a considerable river Han-kiang, appears to be a large place, and is said to possess a considerable library, of which one of the brothers of the king is chief librarian. The name of this town is properly Kin-phu, near Hanhang, or Hanyang. The mouth of the river Tsing-kiang (between 34°and 35"), on the ■western coast, is said to have a very spacious harbour. Fushan, according to the Chinese geography, called by Broughton Chosan or Thosan, is a bay at the south-eastern extremity of the peninsula, opposite the Japanese island of Tsu-sima, at the innermost recess of which the town of King-tsheou is built, which carries on an active trade with Japan, and is the only place to which the Japanese are permitted to come. In industry the Cnreans do not appear to be much inferior to the Chinese and Japanese. They mainly excel in the manufacture of cotton cloth and cotton paper, both of which are brought in great quanties to Peking. Other manufactured articles which are exported are silk goods, plain and embroidered, and mats. They have attained considerable skill in working iron, as swords are sent, with other articles, to the emperor of China as tribute. No country is less accessible to Europeans than Corea. They are not permitted to remain even a few days on any part of the coast. It is not well known what is the reason of this policy, but it seems that the mutual jealousy of the neighbouring Chinese and Japanese holds the king in great subjection. The commerce of the country is accordingly limited to China and Japan; and even with these countries is restricted in a very strange way. No maritime intercourse is allowed between China and Corea, but all commerce is carried on by means of the narrow road which leads along the sea to the town of Fang-hoan, in Leao-tong. But as it traverses the wide listrict which by order of the Chinese emperor must remain uninhabited, it has become the haunt of numberless ferocious animals, and hence the passage is much dreaded by travellers. Commerce therefore is principally carried on in winter, when the shallow HoangHai is covered with ice along its shores, which are more favourable to the transport of goods than the bad mountainroads. Besides the above-mentioned manufactured goods, gold, silver, iron, rice, fruits, oil, and some other articles, are brought by this road to Peking. We do not know what the Corcanstake in return to their country. The commercial intercourse between Corea and Japan is limited to that between the island of Tsu-sima and the bay of Chosan, and is carried on by Japanese merchants, who have their warehouses at each place. They import sapan-wood, pepper, alum, and the skins of deei.buffalos, and goats, with the manufactured articles of Japan, and those brought by the Dutch from Europe; they take in return the manufactures of Corea, and a few other articles, especially ginseng. We know nothing of the political condition of the country, except what is communicated by Klaproth from the Japanese geographer Rinsifce; according to whom there are sixty-four commanders of 10,000 men, which would give an army of 640,000 men, and 213 war-vessels. Ritter thinks that these and many other statements of the geographer are taken from the court-almanac of King-ki-tao, and that little reliance can be placed on them. (Broughton; Maxwell, in Ellis's Journal of Lord Amherst's Embassy; Mac Leod; Basil Hall; Hamel van Gorcum; Klaproth, in San Kohf Tsou; and Ritter's Asien.)

8/15/2011

1873.The American cyclopaedia : a popular dictionary of general knowledge (Volume 5)

1873.The American cyclopaedia : a popular dictionary of general knowledge (Volume 5) (page 81 of 186)
Author: Making of America Project; Ripley, George, 1802-1880; Dana, Charles A. (Charles Anderson), 1819-1897
Volume: 5
Publisher: New York, Appleton
http://www.archive.org/details/cyclopaediaamer05danarich


This cyclopedia says Sea of Japan.
Korean said "Sea of Japan is spread after annexaton of Korea on 1910?" The name of sea of Japan already established as a international conventional words. 2003.02.13.Korean lies more 671 times than Japanese do. Ofcourse bloggers here already recognize Korean claims is filled up with distorture.


text:
Broughton Bay
Strait of Corea
The Yellow Sea
the Sea of Japan.

http://www.archive.org/stream/cyclopaediaamer05danarich#page/n355/mode/2up/search/corea
Corea, a kingdom on the E. coast of Asia, bounded N. by Mantchooria, N. E. by the Russian Amoor country, E. by the sea of Japan, S. by the strait of Corea, and W. by the Yellow sea and the Chinese province of Liaotung, and lying between lat. 34° 25' and 43° N., and lon. 124° and 130° 30' E.; area, 90,000 sq. m. The population has been variously estimated from 8,000,000 to 20,000,000. No accounts of the geography or constitution of the Corean kingdom are in existence, and only the barest notion of the internal configuration of the country has been arrived at. It comprises a peninsula 400 m. long and 140 m. wide, most of the adjacent islands, especially numerous on the W. coast, and a part of the main continent. Its length from N. to S. is 660 m. It is separated from Mantchooria by the Shangpeshan mountains, and the Chimtai range follows the E. coast along its whole extent. Nearly all the principal rivers run W. down the larger watershed which slopes from the Chimtai to the Yellow sea. The largest is the Yalu in the northwest, which is deep and rapid, and navigable for large ships 22 miles.

South of this are the Tatong and the Han. On other watersheds are the Falu, which flows from the Chimtai into the strait of Corea, and the Tumen, a large river in the northeast which flows into the sea of Japan. The coast, which is generally high and rocky, is particularly abrupt on the E. side. On this side there are few islands except in lat. 39° 45' N., in Broughton's bay. In the strait of Corea there are many islands, and between lat. 34° and 35° N., on the W. side, are the Amherst isles and the Corean archipelago. These coast islands are seldom more than three or four miles long, are rocky and high, but generally inhabited. The island of Quelpaert, 60 m. S. of the peninsula, is about 60 m. in circumference, and on it is Mt. Auckland, 6,558 ft. high. The climate is cold, especially in the north, where the Tumen is frozen for six months in the year, and barley is the only grain which can be raised. In the southwest, where the climate is more temperate, the soil is more fertile than elsewhere. The country produces wheat, rice, millet, cotton, hemp, ginseng, and fruits. Tobacco and cotton are cultivated to some extent. The orange, citron, hazlenut, pear, chestnut, peach, mulberry, and wild grape are common.


8/14/2011

1875/1902.the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th Edition (1875) and 10th Edition (1902)

1902.the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th Edition (1875) and 10th Edition (1902)
http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/
http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/C/COR/corea.html

In the text , it is remarkable that they may write East Sea as The eastern coast.
http://seaofjapan-noeastsea.blogspot.com/2010/08/20100718.html
Ofcoruse, the East sea which Korean insist is not same with the Sea of Japan. The eastern coast (of Korea) is one part of the Sea of Japan. This encyclopedia says Sea of Japan is Sea of Japan.
Korean said "Sea of Japan is spread after annexaton of Korea on 1910?" The name of sea of Japan already established as a international conventional words. 2003.02.13.Korean lies more 671 times than Japanese do. Ofcourse bloggers here already recognize Korean claims is filled up with distorture.

In the text:
Broughton Bay^ Broughton Bay
Strait of Korae: the strait of Corea
Sea of Japan: The Sea of Japan
Yellow sea: The Yellow Sea

COREA, a kingdom of Eastern Asia, the greater part of which occupies a peninsula stretching south from the northern MAP portion of the Chinese empire. It is bounded on the N. by the elevated plains of Manchuria. E. by the Sea of Japan, S. by the strait to which it gives its name, and W. by the Yellow Sea, and extends from about 34º to 42º 25´N. lat., and from 124º35´ to 130º 50´ E. long. The natives assert that it has a length of 3000 lys, or about 1000 English miles, and a breadth of 1300 lys, or about 460 miles; but this is undoubtedly an exaggeration, and the total area is probably a little more than 79,400 square miles, or about 2 _ times the size of Scotland.

The eastern coast trends south-west from the confines of Russian Machuria to the neighbourhood of the 39th parallel of latitude, and then, changing its direction to the south-east, it forms an extensive gulf, named Broughton Bay in honour of a navigator of the 18th century. With this exception it presents no remarkable irregularity of line; but even such superficial surveys as have already been effected show that it affords a considerable number of bays and harbours. Of these the most important are Lazaref, Pingai, and Chosan. The first, called Virginia Bay on the French maps, is situated in 39º 25´ N. lat., has an area of about 36 square miles, is well protected, and furnishes excellent anchoring ground. The second in 36º 36´ is comparatively small, but completely sheltered by a conical island. The third in 35º 2´ is large enough to shelter merchant vessels of all sizes and even ships of war below the rank of frigates. Throughout its whole extent this eastern shore presents mainly a succession of steep but not very lofty cliffs, sinking at intervals into irregular dunes, or into stretches of almost level sand. The south and west coasts, on the other hand, are much more varied with inlet and promontory, estuary and peninsula; and the neighbouring sea is occupied by a multitude of islands and rocks. Of these islands the largest is Quelpart, with a length of 46 miles and a breadth of aboiut 20; but of greater importance to the navigator is the Port Hamilton group, on account of the excellent harbour to which it partly owes its name.

Mountains.—Corea is eminently a mountainous country, and the general appearance of the surface is compared by a French missionary to that of the sea under a strong gale. The principal range winds through the peninsula from north to south. From the northern frontier, till it reaches 37º or north latitude, it keeps pretty close to the eastern coast; but from that point it trends westward, and runs obliquely across the southern extremity of the country, leaving the contour of the coast to be defined by a subordinate range. Of individual summits the highest known to Europeans are Hien-fung and Tao-kwang in the Pepi Shan Mountains, to the north of Broughton Bay; and these attains no greater elevation than 8114 and 6310 feet respectively. Another of special mark, called Sedlovaya, or the Saddle, by the Russian navigators, is situated in 38º 10´ 30" N. lat. The country to the west of the main ridge is occupied by irregular spurs; and throughout its whole extent there is no district that can properly be described as a plain.

Rivers.—Corea is well furnished with rivers and streams. In the north the boundary line is mainly marked by two of considerable size, the Ya-lu-kiang and the Mi-kiang. The former, known to the Chinese as the Aye-kiang, and to the Coreans as Am-no-kang, or the river of the Green Duck, receives numerous affluents in the early part of its course, flows first north-west and then south-west, and falls into the Yellow Sea by three distinct mouths. Its most important tributary, the Tong-kia-ula. Comes from the Shan-alin Mountains in Manchuria, and forms its junction about 40º 50´N. lat. The Mi-kiang, called by the Coreans Tu-man-kang, has a very much shorter course than the Ya-lu-kiang, but owing to the number of its tributaries, it attains no mean proportions before it reaches the eastern mouth it is about half a mile wide, and at Hung-chung 300 yards, with a depth of about 20 feet in the middle. Its current is about 1 _ knots an hour. Of the numerous streams that find their way to the Sea of Japan none requires special till we come to the Nak-tong-kang. Which rises the eastern slopes of the main chain, and after flowing almost directly south, reaches the strait of Corea in 34º 50´N. lat. Among those of the western coast three at least are of considerable magnitude—the Keumkang, the Hang-kang, on which Seoul, the capital of the kingdom, is situated, and the Tait-tang-kang, which flows past the city of Pieng-lang.

8/13/2011

1739.The general history of China by Du Halde.

The general history of China. Containing a geographical, historical, chronological, political and physical description of the empire of China, Chinese-Tartary, Corea, and Thibet. Including an exact and particular account of their customs, manners, ceremonies, religion, arts and sciences .. (1739)
Author: Du Halde, J.-B. (Jean-Baptiste), 1674-1743; Brookes, Richard, fl. 1750. tr
Publisher: London, J. Watts
http://www.archive.org/details/generalhistoryc03haldgoog

Text: Sea of Japan.
http://www.archive.org/stream/generalhistoryc03haldgoog#page/n343/mode/2up/search/japan
After travelling eighty Lys Eastward we found the Valley considerably enlarged, and it formed a plain above a League in Diameter: We crossed this plain travelling toward the North-east, and passed over the River, on the Banks of which we saw a great quantity of large Pieces of Wood, chiefly Fir proper to build with; they let it float down this River when it is most full of Water towards the Sea of Japan, then transport to another River, and guide it within a Day's Journey of Peking:This makes Wood for building very reasonable, tho' there is a great Consumption of it, the Wood-work of the Houses taking up a great quantity.


Korean lies more 671 times than Japanese do.

Korean claims Japanese is lier , but It is not true. Korean is lier more than Japanese.
It applies the issue of Takeshima and the Sea of Japan naming claim
Here is the copy from Chosunilbo, dated on 13th of July,2003
http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2003/02/13/2003021361023.html

Perjury Cases Continue to Rise


Perjury offenses are on the rise with prosecutors charged 1,343 persons with the crime in 2002, a 60 percent increase since 1998's 845 it was reported Thursday. The number shows a significance difference from Japan, where five persons were charged with perjury in 2000, compared to the 1,198 Koreans during the same year

Judges and prosecutors say that perjury results from culture; telling lies is not considered to be "seriously wrong," and good friends are not supposed to "tell" on each other.

Judge Yoon Nam-geun of the Changwon District Court said that he saw cases where witnesses to close friends on trial did not appear saying that they were "sick," or saying that they "did not remember" when they did give testimony. Judge Yoon said that these were not unjust citizens, just regular Koreans who could not say anything "bad" about close friends.

Another reason for the increase in perjury is said to be "soft" sentencing as in 2001, out of 846 perjury cases tried, only 181 (21 percent) were given prison sentences. Out of 200,000 criminal cases, 25 percent were sentenced to jail terms.

Such judicial atmosphere is different from that of other developed countries; former US President Bill Clinton was disbarred for perjury. (Park Se-yong, se@chosun.com)
se@chosun.com / 2�� 13, 2003 18:55 KST


By the way, there are Japanese edition which have some text, not commented in the English edidtion above. Red part is the omitted text in English edition.

 2000年の場合、韓国で偽証罪で起訴された人が1198人であることに比べ日本は5人だった。韓国と日本の人口の差を考慮した場合、国内の偽証が日本の671倍に達するというのが最高検察庁の分析だ。

Perjury offenses are on the rise with prosecutors charged 1,343 persons with the crime in 2002, a 60 percent increase since 1998's 845 it was reported Thursday. The number shows a significance difference from Japan, where five persons were charged with perjury in 2000, compared to the 1,198 Koreans during the same year.
Considering perjury/population ratio, number of Korean Perjury is 671 times than that of Japanese.




Korean is the one of the successor of Nazi.
Joseph Goebbels said:
“If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the State.”

Korean learns Nati's propaganda method, so-called "100 repeated lies come to be truth"



2003.02.13.偽証が氾濫する(韓国の)法廷
http://www.chosunonline.com/article/20030213000039
http://megalodon.jp/2008-1114-1058-28/www.chosunonline.com/article/20030213000039

8/11/2011

Most of Gazetters draws The Sea of Japan.

Chosun ilbo reported about The Universal Gazetter published on 1760 which have a name of Korean sea. But...checking many gazetters most of them wrote the name of Sea of Japan. Ofcourse those article were published before annexaton of Korea on 1910. It is appear that Korean claim is distorture hat tha name of Sea of Japan starts after the Japan's imperiarism. here is the list below;

朝鮮日報で、1760年のUniversal Gazetterの添付図にKorean Seaの表記があると主張しました。http://seaofjapan-noeastsea.blogspot.com/2011/08/176018sea-of-corea.html
では、こういった地名辞典では日本海はどのように記載されていたのかデジタルアーカイブになっているものを辿ってみました。確かに一部に朝鮮海表記が見られますが、.その類の史料のほとんどが、やはり日本海表記でした。韓国が主張していた、「日本海という名は日韓併合や日本の帝国主義に由来するものである」というのがとてつもない歴史歪曲であり、日本だけで無く、これら日本海の言葉を使った世界中の人たちを欺いているのです。ここにリストを提示します。なお、リンクが無いものは、下の方に原文リンクを貼り付けてあります。リンクがあるものは、当ブログで既出のものです。

リンク1762.The general gazetteer ,Korean sea(Map) Text:Sea of Japan
1766.The general gazetteer ,Korean sea(Map) Text:Sea of Japan
1773.The general gazetteer ,Sea of Japan
1786.The general gazetteer ,Sea of Japan.
1795.The Universal Gazetter: no data (maybe map have Corean sea)
1795.The general gazetteer :Sea of Japan
1796.Brooke's general gazetteer abridged ;sea of Japan
1797.The general gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1798.The Universal Gazetter :Corean Sea

1801.The General gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1806.Brooke's general gazetteer improved : Sea of Japan,
1808.The newUniversal Gazetter:Sea of Japan
1809.The general gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1812.Brooke's general gazetteer improved : Sea of Japan,
1815.The Universal Gazetter :Corean Sea
1815.The general gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1815.Brookes' general gazetteer improved :Sea of Japan
1820.The general gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1821.The newUniversal Gazetter:Sea of Japan
1821.The general gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1823.A new universal gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1823.Darby's edition of Brooke's Universal gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1823.The general gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1825:The London General gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1827.The new London universal gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1827.The
Darby's Universal gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1832A New Universal Pocket Gazetteer:Sea of Japan
1834.Dictionary of geography :Sea of Japan
1835.A universal gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1838.The London General Gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1839.A New Universal Gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1840.A universal gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1844.M'Culloch's Universal Gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1845.Universal Gazetteer :Sea of Japan
1846.A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer : Sea of Japan
1847.A new universal gazetteer Sea of Japan

1854.A universal pronouncing gazetteer: Sea of Japan
1855.Imperial Gazetteer; Sea of Japan (reported by Pacifist at dokdo-or takeshima )
1855:Pronouncing Gazetteer : Sea of Japan
(reported by Pacifist at dokdo-or takeshima )
1855:Cyclopedia of universal geography: Sea of Japan




The universal gazetteer : being a concise description ... of the nations, kingdoms, states, towns ... &c. in the known world ; the government, manners, and religion of the inhabitants ... of the different countries. Illustrated with a complete set of maps (1795)
Author: Walker, John, 1759-1830; Pre-1801 Imprint Collection (Library of Congress) DLC
Publisher: London, Darton and Harvey [etc.]
http://www.archive.org/details/universalgazett00walkgoog

attached map of asia: unconfirmed:
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazett00walkgoog#page/n77/mode/1up
Text: name nothing
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazett00walkgoog#page/n198/mode/2up
Corea , a peninsula, lying to the NE of C??? bounded on the SW, by the Yellow Sea, which parts it from China & ???? N. by Chinese Tartary; and on the S. by a narrow Sea, which parts it from the Japanese Islands.
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazett00walkgoog#page/n382/mode/2up
Japan : (nothing especially, description of the name of the sea)
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazett00walkgoog#page/n516/mode/2up
Manchuria (nothing especially, description of the name of the sea)



The universal gazetteer : being a concise description, alphabetically arranged, of the nations, kingdoms, states, towns ... in the known world : the government, manners, and religion of the inhabitants ... of the different countries ... (1798)
http://www.archive.org/details/universalgazette00walk
Author: Walker, John, 1759-1830
Publisher: London : Ogilvy

attached map: Korean Sea
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazette00walk#page/n5/mode/2up

http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazette00walk#page/n173/mode/2up/search/corea
Corea (nothing especially, description of the name of the sea)
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazette00walk#page/n325/mode/2up/search/corea
Japan
(nothing especially, description of the name of the sea)



The new universal gazetteer; or, Geographical dictionary. [With] Atlas (1798)
Author: Clement Cruttwell
Year: 1798
http://www.archive.org/details/newuniversalgaz01crutgoog
Text: the sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaz01crutgoog#page/n51/mode/1up
Hilo, a river of Chinese Tartary, which runs into the sea of Japan. Long 134.31E Lat 42.54N


The new universal gazetteer, or, Geographical dictionary : containing a description of all the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, cities, towns, forts, seas, harbours, rivers, lakes, mountains, and capes in the known world ; with the government, customs, manners, and religion of the inhabitants ... ; with twenty-eight whole sheet maps (1808)
Author: Cruttwell, Clement, 1743-1808Volume: 2
Publisher: London : Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme
http://www.archive.org/details/newuniversalgaze02crut

http://www.archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze02crut#page/n11/mode/2up/search/japan
Dagelet , an island in the sea of Japan, about 9 miles in circumference, so named by Perouse in 1787: it is very steep, but covered with the sinest threes from the sea shore to the summit: a rampart of bare rocks almost as steep as wall encircles the outline, with the exception of seven little sandy creeks whee it is possible to land. In these creeks some boats were seen of a construction altogether Chinese; a few huts were likewife seen, but without any villages or cultivation. From this it appears probable that the Corean carpenters, who are not at a greater distance from Dagelet island than 60 miles, come hither during the summer with provisions, for the purpose of building boats, which they fell upon the contient. Long 131.22.E. Lat 37.25.N
http://www.archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze02crut#page/n413/mode/2up/search/japan
Hilo, a river of Chinese Tartary, which runs into the sea of Japan. Long 134.31E Lat 42.54N



The universal gazetteer : being a concise description, alphabetically arranged, of all the nations, kingdoms, states, towns ... in the known world; the government, manners, and religion of the inhabitants ... of the different countries ... (1815)
Author: Walker, John, 1759-1830
Publisher: London : F. C. and J. Rivington

Attached map: sea of Korea
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgaze00walk#page/n3/mode/2up

http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgaze00walk#page/n173/mode/2up
COREA, a peninsula, lying to the NE of China, bounded on the SW by the Yellow Sea, which parts it from China; on the N by Chinese Tartary; and on the S by a narrow sea, which parts it from Japanese island.
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgaze00walk#page/n335/mode/2up/search/JAP
Japan-- no list
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgaze00walk#page/n451/mode/2up
Manchuria-- no listed .
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgaze00walk#page/n381/mode/2up
KIRIN....no listted
rg/stream/universalgazett00walkgoog#page/n382/mode/2up


A new universal gazetteer, or, Geographical dictionary : containing a description of the various countries, provinces, cities, towns seas, lakes, rivers, mountains, capes, &c. in the known world : with an appendix, containing an account of the monies, weights, and measures of various countries with tables illustrating the population, commerce, and resources of the United States : accompanied with an atlas (1821)
Author: Morse, Jedidiah, 1761-1826
Publisher: New Haven, Conn. : Published by Sherman Converse of New-Haven and Silas Andrus of Hartford
http://www.archive.org/details/geographdictionary00morsrich

Text: the sea of Japan.
http://www.archive.org/stream/geographdictionary00morsrich#page/208/mode/2up/search/japan
Dagelet 's island, in the sea of Japan. Lon.131"22E. Lat.37"25N
http://www.archive.org/stream/geographdictionary00morsrich#page/374/mode/2up/search/japan
Kirin Oula, country, Chinese Tartary, inclosed between the sea of Japan, the northern frontier of Corea, and th river Saghalien Oula.
http://www.archive.org/stream/geographdictionary00morsrich#page/726/mode/2up/search/japan
Tartary. This word in its most extensive sense, contains all that vast country of Asia, which lies between the Frozen sea, to the north, and Persia, Hindoostan, and China , to the south, and includes a great variety of nations, to which is applied the general name of Tartars or Tatars, with a particular one oftern applied from their local situation. Tartary may be devided into three parts, viz. Chinese Tartary, Independent Tartary, and Russian Tartary. Chinese Tartary is bounded N. by Siberia, E. by the gulf of Kamtchatka and the sea of Japan, S by China and Thibet, and W. by Independent Tartary.

Darby's edition of Brooke's Universal gazetteer, or, A new geographical dictionary : containing a description of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, cities, towns, forts, seas, harbours, rivers, lakes, mountains, capes, &c. in the known world ... to which are added, the Constitution of the United States, and the constitutions of the respective states : illustrated by a neat coloured map of the United States (1823)
http://www.archive.org/details/darbyseditionofb00broo

Text: the sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/darbyseditionofb00broo#page/230/mode/2up/search/Corea
Corea, peninsula of Asia, extending between China and Japan. It is bonded on teh N by Manshuria, on the E by the sea and isles of Japan, on the S by the Ocean, and on the W by the gulf and province of Leao-tong.
http://www.archive.org/stream/darbyseditionofb00broo#page/562/mode/2up/search/japan
Mantshuria, vast region in Asia, having China proper S; Mongolia W; the Russian Asiatic teritories NW and N; and the sea of Japan, and the Channel of Tartary or La Peyrouse straits E.


The London General Gazetteer, Or Geographical Dictionary: Containing a Description of the ... (1825)
Publisher: W. Baynes & Son
http://www.archive.org/details/londongeneralga00unkngoog

Text: sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/londongeneralga00unkngoog#page/n594/mode/2up/search/japan
KIRIN OULA, a government of Eastern Tartary, to the north of China, in the country of the Manchews. It is inclosed between the sea of Japan, the northern fronetier of Corea, and the river Saghalien Oula.




The new London universal gazetteer, or alphabetical geography (by J. Miller). The engr. title ... (1827)
Author: J. Miller
Year: 1827
http://www.archive.org/details/newlondonuniver00millgoog

Text; the sea of Japan Strait of Corea
http://www.archive.org/stream/newlondonuniver00millgoog#page/n469/mode/2up/search/japan
Japan...(nothing descriptoin of sea name)
http://www.archive.org/stream/newlondonuniver00millgoog#page/n267/mode/2up/search/japan
Corea, Strait of, the area which separates Corea from the Japan islands, between lon 130.0 and 132.10E and lat. 34.0 and 36.0N. About 45m wide, but reduced to 30 by the rocks which uninterruptedly border the southern coast of Corea.
http://www.archive.org/stream/newlondonuniver00millgoog#page/n281/mode/2up
Dagelet , and island in the sea of Japan, 9 m, in circumference, named by Perouse in 1787. Lon 131.22E Lat37.25N



Darby's Universal gazetteer, or, A new geographical dictionary. ... Illustrated by a ... map of the United States. The 2d ed., with ample additions and improvements (1827)
Author: Brookes, R. (Richard), fl. 1721-1763; Darby, William, 1775-1854
Publisher: Philadelphia, Bennett & Walton
http://www.archive.org/details/darbysuniversal00darbgoog

Text:the sea of Japan
http://books.google.com/books?oe=UTF-8&id=NrsBAAAAYAAJ&q=japan#v=snippet&q=japan&f=false
P433
Manchuria, vast region in Asia, having China proper S, Mongoria W,. the Russian Asiatic territories NW. and N., and the sea of Japan, and the Channel of Tartary, or La Peyrouse straits E.



A New Universal Pocket Gazetteer: Containing Descriptions of the Most ... (1832)
Author: Samuel Griswold Goodrich
Publisher: W. Hyde
http://www.archive.org/details/anewuniversalpo01goodgoog

Text: Strait of Corea the Sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/anewuniversalpo01goodgoog#page/n122/mode/2up/search/japan
Japan
, an empire in the most eastern part of Asia, separated from Corea and China by the strait of Corea, and the sea of Japan. The whole empire is divided into 7 principal districts, which are subdivided into 70 provinces. This country is the richest in the world for gold; thereare lso extensive silver mines; and fine copper is the main sources of the wealth of many provinces. Rice is the principal grain cultivated;



A universal gazetteer; or, Geographical dictionary of the world (1835)
Author: George Thomas Landmann
http://www.archive.org/details/auniversalgazet00landgoog

text: Strait of Corea and the sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalgazet00landgoog#page/n376/mode/2up/search/japan
JAPAN, an empire in the most eastern part of Asia, composd of three considerable and a great number of small islands, separatied from Corea and China by the strait-of-Corea and the sea-of-Japan, and extending from Lg.131 to 142 N , and extending from Lg. 131 to 142 e, and from Lt. 30 to 41 N.

http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalgazet00landgoog#page/n398/mode/2up/search/corea
KIRIN, Asia, one of the 3 provinces of East-Tartary, bounded on NW by province Teitcicar, N by the Saghalien, E by the sea-of-Japan, s by Corea and Leao-tong, and W by West-ttartary.


The London General Gazetteer; Or, Compendious Geographical Dictionary... (1838)
Author: Richard Brookes
Publisher: T. Tegg and Son
http://www.archive.org/details/londongeneralga00broogoog

attached map: S of Japan (Sea of Japan)
http://www.archive.org/stream/londongeneralga00broogoog#page/n10/mode/2up
Text: the Sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/londongeneralga00broogoog#page/n438/mode/2up/search/japan
Kirin, a government of Eastern Tartary, enclosed between the sea of Japan, the northern frontier of Corea, and river of Saghaline.
http://www.archive.org/stream/londongeneralga00broogoog#page/n244/mode/2up/search/Corea
Corea, a kingdom of Asia, bonded on the north by Chinese Tartary, on the east by the sea of Japan, on the south by a narrow sea, which separate it from the Japanese islands, and on the west by the Yellow Sae, which separates it from China.


A New Universal Gazetteer: Containing a Description of the Principal Nations, Empires, Kingdoms ... (1839)
Author: Richard Brookes , John Marshall
Publisher: W. Marshall & Co.
http://www.archive.org/details/anewuniversalga00marsgoog

Text: the sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/anewuniversalga00marsgoog#page/n227/mode/2up/search/corea
Corea, a kingdom of Asia, bounded on the north by Chinese Tartary, on the east by the sea of Japan, on the south by a narrow sea, which separates it from the Japanese islands, and on th ewest by the Yellow Sea, which separates it from Chihna.

http://www.archive.org/stream/anewuniversalga00marsgoog#page/n411/mode/2up/search/japan
Japan...(no description about name of the sea)


A universal gazetteer; or, Geographical dictionary of the world (1840)

Author:
George Thomas Landmann
Year:
1840リンクhttp://www.archive.org/details/auniversalgazet01landgoog

Attached map(Map of asia): not confirmed
http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalgazet01landgoog#page/n51/mode/2up

Text:the sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalgazet01landgoog#page/n357/mode/2up/search
KIRIN, Asia, one of the three provinces of East Tartary, bounded on the NW, by the province of Tcitoicar, N. by the Saghalin, ? by the sea of Japan, S by Corea and Leaotong, and W. by West Tartary.

text:Strait of Corea , the Sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalgazet01landgoog#page/n335/mode/2up/search/Corea
JAPAN:an empire in the most eastern part of Asia, composed of three considerable and a great number of small islands, separateted from Corea and China by the strait of Corea and the sea of Japan and extending from Lg.131 to 142 N , and extending from Lg. 131 to 142 e, and from Lt. 30 to 41 N.



M'Culloch's Universal Gazetteer: A Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical ... (1844)

Author: Daniel Haskel
Volume: 2, pt. 1
http://www.archive.org/details/mcullochsuniver00haskgoog

text: the sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/mcullochsuniver00haskgoog#page/n77/mode/2up
JAPAN(EMPIRE OF) ,called Nihon by the Japanese and Yang-bou by the Chinese; and Insular empire off the E coast of Continental Asia, and opposite to the sea of Japan and the gulf of Tartary and Corea, from which it is separeated by Manchuooria. It comprises five large and a great number of small Islands, lying between the 30th and XXth paralelles of N. lat, and between the 128th and 151th degrees of E. long; bounded N. by te sea of Okotsk and the Independent part of the Island of penunsulas of Tartal or Karafto, (formally know to English geographers as Saghalien)+ E, by the N. Pacific ocean; S by the eastern sea of the Chinese; and W, by the sea of Japan, which communicate with the open ocean by three straits of La Perouse, Sangar, etc...running between the different island.



Universal Gazetteer: A Dictionary, Geographical, Historical, and Statistical ... (1845)
Author: William Darby
Publisher: Grigg & Elliot
http://www.archive.org/details/universalgazett00darbgoog

text: the sea of Japan.
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazett00darbgoog#page/n99/mode/2up
Asia......"Though , as Italy, Corea is exposed to a very cold climate. This is produced, as some have supposed, by mongniains, wich, however, cannot be the cause of difference since Italy is also mountainous; but because the Corean moutains are higher, and the physical position altogether different from that of Italy. In effect, Italy is sheltered from northern winds by the Alps and their prolongation; and more, are separeted from these mountains by the valley of the Po, and on the NE. by the sea, whilist nothing similar is presented by therelative situation of Corea, wich latter penunsula is exposed on the NE to all the influence of the sea of Japan, which communicates with those of Jesso and Ochotsk,; and to the N. there is nothing to shelter Corea from the winds coming from the high mountains of Asia. What we here state, applies partcularly to the nothern part of Corea, where the surface during winter months, lies builed under deep and durable snows. The southern part is exposed to very high temparture" And also to a very low one, ought to have been added.

Manchuria, nerly commensurate with the bassin of the Amur, though embracing also narrow slope toward the Japan sea, and on the south ward reaching to the Yellow Sea, and there bounding on Corea.

http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazett00darbgoog#page/n253/mode/2up
Corea....(nothing detail about name of the sea)

http://www.archive.org/stream/universalgazett00darbgoog#page/n447/mode/2up
JAPAN
....(nothing detail about name of the sea)


A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer: Containing Topographical, Statistical ... (1846)

http://www.archive.org/details/auniversalprono01baldgoog
Author:
Thomas Baldwin
Publisher: Lindsay & Blakiston
Year: 1846

TEXT:the Sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalprono01baldgoog#page/n287/mode/2up/search/Japan
JAPAN, SEA OF, is situated between the Japanese islands and the E coast of Asia, extending from about 34" to 52"N Lat (if we include the Gulf of Tartary, at the N. extremity) and from 127"20 to 142"E Lon. Its length is about 1400km; greatest breadth above 500m

http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalprono01baldgoog#page/n73/mode/2up/search/japan
AMOR(AMUR or AMUUR)< called also the SAGHALIAN, a !g-hal!e-an, a large r. in the E part of Asia, formed by the union of the Argoon and Shilka, in about 53"N.Lat and 121"E Lon. Its general course is easterly , and it empties itself into the Gulf of Saghalian, between the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, in Lat. 52230'N. Long about 140"E. Entire length, including the Argoon, its principal branch, above, 2000m

http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalprono01baldgoog#page/n345/mode/2up/search/japan
MANT=CHOO=RIA or MANDSHOORja, a country in the N.E part of Asia, belonging to China, between 41'and 56" Lat. and 117" and 140" E Lon. and bordering on the Sea of Japan. It is chiefly remarkable as the original seat of the present ruling dynasty of China. The inhabitants are Tartars=Adj, and inhab, Mant-choo.

http://www.archive.org/stream/auniversalprono01baldgoog#page/n171/mode/2up/search/corea
Co-Re-A
(Nothing details about the name of the sea)


A new universal gazetteer : containing a description of the principle nations, ... (1847)
Author: Brookes, R. (Richard), fl. 1721-1763; Marshall, John, 1783-1841
Publisher: Boston : Phillips & Sampson

Text:the sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze47broo#page/222/mode/2up
Corea, a kingdom of Asia, bounded on the north by Chinese Tartary, on the east by the sea of Japan, on the south by a narrow sea, which separates it from the Japanese islands, and on the west by the Yellow Sea, which separates it frmo China.

http://www.archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze47broo#page/406/mode/2up
Japan...(nothing details about the name of the sea)



A universal pronouncing gazetteer : containing topographical, statistical, and other information, of all the more important places in the known world, from the most recent and authentic sources ... (1854)
Author: Baldwin, Thomas, of Philadelphia
Publisher: Philadelphia : Lippincott, Grambo
http://www.archive.org/details/universalpronoun00baldrich

text: the Sea of Japan
http://www.archive.org/stream/universalpronoun00baldrich#page/296/mode/2up/search/japan
JAPAN, SEA OF, is situated between the Japanese islands and the E. coast of Asia, extending from about 34" to 52"N . Lat. (If we include the Gulf of Tartary, at the N. extremity)< and from 127"20' to 142" E Lon. Its length is about 1.400m; greatest breadth above 500 m.


Cyclopedia of universal geography; being a gazetteer of the world .. (1855)
Author: Callicot, Theophilus C. (Theophilus Carey), b. 1826
Publisher: New York, A.S. Barnes
http://www.archive.org/details/cyclopediaofuniv00callrich

Text: Strait of Corea
http://www.archive.org/stream/cyclopediaofuniv00callrich#page/224/mode/2up
Corea a peninsular country of E Asia, tributary to China, & also to Japan. Area, including isls...,80.000sq.m. Pop, uncertain. Coast line elevated & fertile; interior is little known. Products comprise wheat, rice, cotton, hemp, tobacco, ginseng, the fruits of N, China, plenty of cattle & timber, furs, bullion, iron, rock-salt & coal.Manufs are similar to those of the Chinese. The Archip. of Coreacomprises numerous isls & islets in the Yellow sea, & on the coast of the peninsula; the chief ar Wuelpart & Amherst - Corea strait is between the peninsula of Corea & the isl. of Kiusiu.

Text: Sea of Japan Strait of Corea
http://www.archive.org/stream/cyclopediaofuniv00callrich#page/400/mode/2up
JAPAN, an empire of E. Asia , comprising the island Nippon, Kiusiu & Sikokf, with the dependencies Yesso, the S. part of Tarakai or Saghalien, & many smaller islands, situated between Lat 26"35"' & 49"N.,,& lon,129" & 150"E., having W . the strait of Corea, & sea of Japan, & on other sides the Pacific ocean.