9/22/2009

Korean Revisionist/fassist protest against Education office on New York City about Sea of Japan.

Korean Revisionist/fassist protest against Education office on New York City about Sea of Japan.

On 14th of september, According to the Donga news (South Korea) here,
http://www.dongponews.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=14774

Korean resident in New York association they protest agains Sea of Japan and re-write East Sea with Distorted Story.

South Korean in NY city, Choi Yunghee distorts to claims that "the name of Sea of Japan was used after World War 2" on the meeting and they protest rewrite Sea of Japan into (Korea)East Sea.

Ofcourse, reading this blog, we can easily refute his distorted anti-Japanese propganda by brainwashed fasist Korean. Korean's shabby claims is nonsense .

check:Korean use the name of Sea of Japan before Japanese annexatin of Korea 1910:
http://seaofjapan-noeastsea.blogspot.com/2009/07/korean-use-name-of-sea-of-japan-before.html

9/05/2009

GEBCO chart Sea of Japan

GEBCO is stand for "General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans", one of the foundamental international association of chart study, established by Prince Albert I of Monaco in the chair
http://www.gebco.net/about_us/project_history/

Consequently, the 7th International Geographic Congress (Berlin, 1899) nominated a Commission on sub-oceanic nomenclature, which was also responsible for the publication of a general bathymetric chart. The Commission convened in Wiesbaden (April 15-16, 1903), with Prince Albert I of Monaco in the chair, and adopted the characteristics defined in a memorandum by J. Thoulet. The 24 sheets of Carte générale bathymétrique des océans printed in Paris in 1905, hastily prepared, were harshly criticised by E. de Margerie.

The description of Sea of Japan as follows;

1st edition (1904) Sea of Japan : Bassin du Japon
Strait of Korea:nil
Broughton bay:nil
Yellow Sea:nil
East (China) Sea:nil

2nd edition (1914) Sea of Japan : Mer du Japon
Strait of Korea:Det de Tsushima
Broughton bay:nil
Yellow Sea: Mer Jaune
East (China) Sea:Mer Du Cin Orientale


Concrusion,

"Sea of Japan" was used as intenrnational conventional words in each countries e.g. U.K, U.S ,France, German and so on. Those situation was quoted by International organization e.g. GEBCO on 1904 charts. So It can concluded that the Korean claims that "Sea of Japan is colonial/expansionist name" is distorure.

7/27/2009

1907.萬国地理

1907.萬国地理 (World Geography)黃潤德 譯 普成館
Korea Digital Archives Library

上 亜細亜 地理 位置 (Location and geography in Asia)
  二 海岸 2:Coastalarea
     亜細亜●海岸線●欧羅巴・・・・・省略
   一 北極洋●側
   二 太平洋●側
      ...省略.....西方樺太島●本陸間●在●韃靼海峡●過●●日本海●南下
○○朝鮮海峡●過●黄海●入●●・・・・・・
(2. Pacific ocean side ..........West Sakharin island, Tatar Strait..after that Sea of Japan....Strait of Korea, after that Yellow Sea.




第二章 日本 P32(N36)
二 境域 日本X四面X 海XX伊賀氏X沙XX北太平洋XX北亜米利加州X向XX北X千島海峡X隔てるX露領XXXXXX半島X接XX宗谷海峡XXXX露領からふと島X対XX西X滞水X朝鮮海峡X隔XX朝鮮半島X向X台湾海峡XXXX清国福建省X隔XX?島XX三個弓型X成XXXXXX海X日本海東海水X擁XXX南X XX海峡........




Thw description on P32 Donghae means East China sea, It can confirmed another related page as follows
P33/N37 P36/N40 there are the description of East Sea (It means East China Sea)

P36/N40 there are the description of East Sea (It means East China Sea)




1909.1910.
(新訂)中等萬國新地志 金鴻卿 編纂 廣學書館

Korea National Digital Archives Library

第二章 亜細亜 (1909/1910 same)
 第一節 総論
      沿海 P52
          日本海、黄海、 朝鮮海(別称蒼海)、支那海
          ..............................................................................
          右諸海中、北氷洋 舟編 不通●●●●海●●●日本海..... 




第三節 日本帝国  (1909/1910 same)

西北X日本海................................西南X東海
Japan.....Northwest is Japan Sea............South West is East (China)Sea.


7/19/2009

1690-17120.Tartary Prince and Societas Iesu (memo)

Just a memorandam about Tartary Prince and Societas Iesu

1689 Antnonio Toma report about Corai information to many people. The map of Corai already stocked and inform europe he will send Corai map.
1690 Toma reported to Dilso Gonzarez about the route from Beijing to Corai and iteniery.
Toma's Corai map sent to Europe.

1697 12.08 Anthonio Toma give Tartary Map to Emperror.

1699 Anthonio Tomas nad Tomas Bereilla walked Eastern Tartary to prepare for Emperror journiey.

1704 Tartary Prince, Te Ignacio teach Chistian in Xingyang瀋陽  
    and Ammok鴨緑江 they give the rerouces about Chiristian to Corean.

1708 康熙帝 orderd to send three Padre to make maps of Great Wall.
Two misionary been to Tartary.
1709 Yezus missionary start to prepare for making Corai maps.

1710.”Collectana Historiae Sinensis”1710 By トマス ドゥニン シュボット (Polish)
Chater 4 and 5 Royaume de Coree 

1711 Mar, Missionary said it is impossible to enter Corai and Tibet.
Jun Brder between Tartary East and Coree open by the order of Emprerror康熙帝
    Yezus got permission from the Emperror康熙帝 to open new church nearby Corai border. Xingyang瀋陽
    and Corean diplomat missionary can meet to Cathoric Missionary from this year.
1712 Jun 18 The monument had built at the border of Tartary and Corai.

7/17/2009

Korea Maritime Institute Website map inspection by me.

I checked map collection digital archives on KORDI,Korean Maritime Institute (国土海洋部韓国海洋研究院国立水産科学院国立海洋調査院)"East Sea Study devision Website.
http://www.dokdo.re.kr/?p_name=reference&sub_page=directory&sort=100200060001&gotopage=6

In the website, there are very few map stockd by them from 1600-1850's, so I cannot judge the analysis conclusion from 1551-1850, altough I can judge a answer from 1850-1900 only which have almost twenty maps.

1551-1600 nil
1601-1650 nil
1651-1700 nil
1701-1750 nil
1751-1800 Sea of Korea 1 (100%)
1801-1850 Sea of Korea 1 (100%)
1851-1900 Sea of Japan 20 (100%)
1901-1910 Sea of Japan 3 (100%)
Gttl 25

Checking those maps 1851-1900, they recognized those four place of name nearby Sea of Japan ;
Sea of Japan
Strait of Corea
Broughton Bay
East (China) Sea

Check map and map list, sea name in the website. Excel file (xls)

7/15/2009

Another Idiot comment by Korean scholor.

I got shocked again how Korean scholor is idiot excuse about Mateo Ricci's map 1602 which describes Sea of Japan日本海. The people who got brainwashed fascist/ethno-centristic stupid nationalism tend to think those mad, idiot excuse.

He claims that Mateo Ricci would know the name of East Sea and he wouldn't wrote it because of lack of space to describes "East Sea" because there are another text which explain "korea was belinging to China". But...we can easily found that there are many spaces to describes another name if they want. The fact is that they doesn't have intention to describes "East Sea" because they doesn't wrote it on this map though there are some space to describe.

anyway, read this;

Read this  http://san.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/07/09/2009070901758.html?Dep0=chosunmain&Dep1=n

몇 해 전 서울대학교 박물관에 소장되어 있는 보물 849호 ‘곤여만국전도’라는 지도가 경기도 남양주시 광릉에 있는 봉선사(奉先寺) 것일 수 있다는 가능성이 제기되어 화제가 된 적이 있다. 봉선사 측에 따르면 이 지도는 왕실에서 하사한 건상곤여도병(乾象坤與圖屛)으로 사찰 귀중목록 1호로 보관하고 있었으나 한국전쟁 때 분실되어 행방을 알 수 없다가 1980년대에 일본에서 발견된 후 현재 서울대학교에 보관 중이라는 주장이었고, 서울대 측에서는 이 지도는 1930년대부터 박물관에 소장되어 온 것이며, 봉선사본은 한국전쟁 때 유실되어 없어졌다고 봉선사 측의 주장을 일축했다.


▲ 이 지도는 1602년 마테오 리치가 펴낸 곤여만국전도의 바티칸박물관본으로 우리나라 주변만을 나타낸 것이다.
곤여만국전도(坤與萬國全圖)는 만력제(萬歷帝)로 알려진 명나라 신종(神宗) 때인 1602년 천주교 전교를 목적으로 중국에 들어온 예수회 선교사 마테오 리치(Mateo Ricci)가 편찬하고 공부(工部)의 관리인 이지조(李之藻)가 판각한 한자로 표기된 세계 최초의 세계지도다. 이 지도는 전체 크기가 가로 414cm, 세로 179cm의 대형 지도로 6폭으로 나눠 제작되었는데 전교가 주목적인 리치는 중국인의 세계관에 동조할 양으로 중국을 지도의 중앙, 즉 세계의 중심에 배치하고, 지구의 중심이 되는 경도 0도를 북경에 맞추는 배려도 서슴지 않았다.

지 도의 전체적인 형태는 달걀 모양의 타원체로 16세기경 유럽에서 세계지도 제작시 많이 사용되었던 아피아누스 도법(Apianus projetion)에 의해 제작됐다. 이 도법은 1524년 독일인 아피아누스(Petrus Apianus)가 발표한 것으로 면적이 바른 정적(正積)도 아니고, 메르카토르 도법처럼 정각(正角)도 아니지만 당시 세계지도 제작의 선구적인 도법으로 후세에 많은 추종자를 배출하기도 했다. 에케르트 도법으로 유명한 독일의 에케르트(Max Eckert)도 그 중 한 사람이다.

리치 는 이 지도 편찬에 주로 1570년의 오르텔리우스(Ortelius) 지도와 1595년의 메르카토르(Mercator) 지도첩 등 유럽에서 제작된 세계지도를 모본으로 삼았지만 동아시아 부분에 대해서는 중국에서 수집한 중국·조선·일본의 지도 자료를 근거로 편찬했다. 이에 대해서는 조선의 땅 모양이 비교적 올바르게 표현되었고, 당시 서구의 지도에서는 보이지 않았던 북해도가 표현된 것을 보면 알 수 있다. 또 이 지도는 지도뿐 아니라 지도 안팎으로 우주·천문·지리·지세·역법·자연에 이르기까지 당시의 지리 정보와 자연과학 지식이 빼곡하게 기술되어 있어 말하자면 백과사전식 세계지도라 할 수 있다.

리치가 이 지도를 제작하게 된 것은 무려 20여 년이란 세월을 산전수전 다 겪으며 견뎌낸 인고의 결과였다고 볼 수 있다. 1580년 인도 고아에서 신학공부를 마치고 사제로 서품된 리치는 1582년 중국 선교사의 임무를 띠고 동료 파시오(Francesco Pasio)와 함께 마카오에 도착해 중국어와 한문을 익히던 중 이듬해 양광(兩廣)총독부 소재지였던 광동성 조경(肇慶)에 정착하면서부터 본격적인 중국 전교를 시작하게 되었다. 그는 선임자들과 마찬가지로 처음부터 중국인의 사고방식과 생활양식에 적응하면서 서구의 학문과 기술·문물을 이용해 중국 관리나 학자들과 교분을 두터이 하며 그 일환으로 제작하게 된 것이 세계지도였다.

“마테오 리치가 동해를 몰랐을 리 없다”

그 가 가장 처음 제작한 세계지도는 1584년 조경에서 만든 일명 만국여도라 하는 산해여지전도(山海輿地全圖)였다. 이후 그는 유학자의 복장을 하고, 이름도 중국식으로 이마두(利瑪竇)라 짓고 유학자의 관습에 따라 서태(西泰)라는 자까지 지어 서방에서 온 유학자 행세를 했다. 그가 소주(韶州), 남창(南昌)을 거쳐 1600년 남경에서 제작한 두 번째 지도가 남경판 산해여지전도(山海輿地全圖)다. 1601년이 되어서야 오매불망하던 북경에 들어간 그는 만력제에게 자명종, 프리즘, 양금(洋琴) 등 진귀한 서양 물건을 진상하고 북경 거주를 허락받았다. 1602년 세 번째 세계지도인 곤여만국전도를 간행하고, 이어서 1603년 8폭짜리 양의현람도(洋儀玄覽圖)를 이응시(李應試) 판각으로 제작하고, 1608년에는 황제에게 받칠 헌상판 곤여만국전도를 편찬한 후 1610년 이역 북경에서 생을 마감했다.

곤여만국전도의 원본은 무채색의 판각본으로 현재 3점이 전해지고 있는데 로마의 바티칸박물관, 일본의 미야기현립도서관(宮城縣立圖書館)과 교토대학도서관(京都大學圖書館)본이 그것이다. 곤여만국전도가 우리나라에 전해진 것은 의외로 일러 1603년(선조 36년) 북경에 사신으로 갔던 이광정(李光庭)과 권희(權憘)가 구라파국여지도(歐羅巴國輿地圖), 즉 곤여만국전도를 가지고 왔다고 이수광의 <지봉유설(芝峯類說)>에 기술되어 있다. 양의현람도 역시 정확한 고증은 아니지만 1604년 사신으로 갔던 황동명(黃東溟)이 들여왔다고 전한다.

현재 서울대 박물관에 소장된 곤여만국전도는 1708년(숙종 34년) 어명에 의해 관상감 이국화(李國華)와 유우창(柳遇昌)의 주도하에 당대 이름난 화가인 김진여(金振汝)가 그린 8폭 병풍으로 여러 다른 지도를 참조해 그린 채색모회본(彩色摹繪本)이다. 지도의 여백에 당시의 범선과 어류, 이상한 동물 등을 그려 넣은 이른바 회입(繪入) 곤여만국전도다. 한국전쟁 때 없어졌다는 봉선사본도 이때 제작된 것이고, 이와 동일한 지도가 일본 오사카의 남만문화관(南蠻文化館)에도 있다고 한다.

세계 유일본으로 알려진 양의현람도는 황씨 집안의 가보로 간직돼 오다가 김양선(金良善) 목사에 의해 현재 숭실대학교 한국기독교박물관에 소장되어 있는데 최근 중국 요녕성박물관(遼寧省博物館)에도 한 점이 보관되어 있는 것으로 알려졌다.

지 금으로부터 400여 년 전 서양의 한 선교사에 의해 편찬·간행된 세계지도가 중국은 물론 주변국인 조선과 일본에도 전해지면서 중국 외에 더 넓은 세상이 있다는 것을 인식케 했다. 그러면서 세계 지식의 계몽에 커다란 역할을 했다. 더욱이 그가 지도를 편찬하는 과정에서 지명과 지리용어를 한자로 번역했는데 그로 인한 지리용어들이 한자로 표기되는 최초의 기록이 되기도 했다. 우리가 일상적으로 쓰고 있는 ‘지구(地球)’가 그렇고 경위선(經緯線), 적도(赤道), 회귀선(回歸線) 등도 그의 지도로 인해 생겨난 용어들이다.

우리가 주장하는 동해 표기문제를 불식시키려는 의도로 일본 외무성 홈페이지에 1602년 마테오 리치가 제작한 곤여만국전도가 일본해를 한자로 표기한 최초의 지도라고 홍보하고 있다. 이에 대해 국제한국연구원 최서면 원장은 “마테오 리치가 당시 중국과 조선·일본의 지도 자료를 수집해 편찬하면서 ‘조선해’, 즉 동해를 몰랐을 리 없다. 지도를 자세히 보면 일본해는 일본 쪽 내해에 조그맣게 표기되어 있고, 조선 동쪽 바다에는 조선의 지지 자료를 써 넣는 바람에 ‘조선해’를 표기할 수 없었을 것이다”라며 일본의 어리석음을 지적했다.


/ 글 최선웅 한국산악회 부회장·매핑코리아 대표

7/14/2009

I need your help!

I want your help! But Im not beggaar so I dont ask you a donation or money. Just i want to know is the description of the  Sea of Japan, Strait of Korea, Broughton bay(East Korean sea/Gulf), Yellow Sea on those books , and the attached maps , pilot guides, and charts (not "map")

But.I cant check the libraries overseas so please help if you can read those books below;


1860.Renseignements hydrographiques sur les îles Bashée, les îles Formose et Lou-Tchou, la Corée, la Mer du Japon, les îles du Japon (Ports d'Hakodaki, Ne-e-Gate, ... Yedo) et la Mer d'Okhotsk (French Edition) (Paperback) By Alexandre Le Gras 
http://seaofjapan-noeastsea.blogspot.com/2010/11/1860-renseignements-hydrographiques-sur.html


1863 Chart #1467 Mer du Japon
France Navy
 


1867.Pilote de la mer de Chine, Ve Partie, La Mer du Japon.France Navy 
Paris 


1883. Observations upon the Korean Coast, Japanese-Korean ports and Siberia,: Made during a journey from the Asiatic Station to the United States through Siberia ... September 8, 1882 (Information from abroad)
Publisher: Govt. Print. Off
Benjamin H Buckingham
http://www.aaapricesearch.com/





1886.Recent Journeys in Korea
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society
W.H.Carles
http://www.oldbookbank.com
http://www.jstor.org/pss/1801318


1889.Detailed map of Dagelet by corvette Vitjaz1892.A Journey through North Korea to the Chang-Pai Shan

1895.Storm og Sogang  
Richard Melander
http://www.oldbookbank.com/

1896.MATERIALI PER LA GEOGRAFIA della COREA
Tipografia Della R.Accademia del LINCEI,Roma
L.Nocennti
http://www.oldbookbank.com


1898.Nomi Geografici Coreani)
Lodovico Nocentini
http://www.oldbookbank.com


1904.Southern Manchuria and Korea
Royal Geographical Society,London
Robert T Turley
http://www.oldbookbank.com
http://www.jstor.org/pss/1775503


1904.Sailing Directions for Japan, Korea, and adjacent Seas.
London
Langdon, C. H.


1918 .Asiatic Pilot Vol.1East Coast of Siberia,Sakhalin Island and Chosen.
1945.Guide to Geographical Names in Korea(Chosen)

1947 . Sailing Directions for The Southeast Coast of Siberia and Korea












https://sites.google.com/site/takeshimaliancourt/

7/13/2009

1866.地学初歩

1866.地学初歩 / コル子ル 著

地学初歩 means Geogaphy for Biggeners, written by Cornell S.S . Japanese use this book to study Geography so they translated it to Japanese. They alrady use the name of "Sea of Japan" in mid of 19Century.

Cornell,+S.+S.
慶応2[1866] 渡部氏

Cornell,+S.+S.


http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/bunko08/bunko08_c1114/index.html
(Waseda Univ)
P19  Sea of Japan



1867.地学初歩和解 / 固児涅爾原 撰 ; 宇田川榕精 訳
http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/bunko08/bunko08_c0104/index.html
(Waseda Univ)
Sea of Japan

1802.1856.采覧異言 新井白石

The book called, 采覧異言(さいらんいげん)』 on 1802 (享和2)editted by 新井白石 analysis comment by 山村才助 they wrote Sea of Japan and China Sea.


1856. 訂正増訳采覧異言 山村才助 安政3(1856)年写
*「亜細亜洲東方 日本 支那 韃靼 諸国図」

日本海 Sea of Japan




1792.地球全図. [上,下] / 司馬江漢 写并刻
http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/ru11/ru11_00809/index.html
http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/ru11/ru11_00809/ru11_00809_0001/ru11_00809_0001.html
Sea of Japan: 日本内海(Sea of Inner-Japan)
East China Sea: 支那海(China Sea)
Pacific ocean side: 日本東海

1790.華夷一覧図 木村蒹葭堂
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/kaiichiranzu-1790/
http://www.geocities.jp/tanaka_kunitaka/takeshima/kaiichiranzu-1790/03.jpg
Sea of Japan: 日本海(Sea of Japan)
East China Sea: 支那海(China Sea)


7/11/2009

Map report Template.

Sometimes I got e-mail about naming inspectino on the maps from reader, thank you very much.
But. we need to know the process of hydrographic names each era, not only the name of "Sea of Japan" but also East China Sea, and Strait of Corea, and Broughton Bay, So I create template for reporting the map.


Map report Template.
1. Year, Map name, and publisher, and city
2. digital archive website adress, and the library stocked.
3.the place of name as follows.
a the name of "East China SEA"
b the name of "Strait of Corea"
c the name of "East Coast of Corea" , or "Broughton Bay
d the name of "Sea of Japan"
e the name of Kamchacca Sea or Tataristan strait.
f the name of Philippiines sea or Pacific ocean

7/09/2009

1885. Corea, Without and Within: Chapters on Corean History, Manners and Religion. With Hendrick Hamel ... (1885)

Manners and Religion. With Hendrick Hamel ... (1885)
http://www.archive.org/details/coreawithoutand00hamegoog
Author: William Elliot Griffis, Hendrik Hamel
Publisher: Presbyterian board of publication
Year: 1885
Hendrick Hamel is the Dutch people who lost his way during sailng and he was captured and tortured by Corean at Quelpart island (Jeju island today)

P24 THE THREE KINGDOMS AND KO-BAL
a Huddhist monk living in iIm* iiortli-eiiHtmi part of the peninsula, near
dm MhoirM of the Sea of Japan, raised the iluff, ol' rehellion against the decaying house
of Hiii-lo, and tht» u|>rising quickly extended (»v<*r the count ry. Wang-hien, in whose V(tiuH ran the hlood of the old kings of Ko-rai, put tilt* monk to death and took the lead himself, lie* overthrew the ruling dynasty and brought, the whoU' peninsula under his sceptre. He Hxed his ea|>ital at Sun-to (now called Kai-seng), a few miles north-east of
S&>ul, and restored the old name, Ko-rai, which became the symbol of united Corea
and the name of the entire peninsula.


CHAPTER XXII. (P275~)
THE EIGHT PROVINCES,

P285-86
In the bight called Broughton's Bay we have a marked feature of the coast. Here is a superb bay capable of accommodating the navies of the world, the shore dotted

with towns and villages, the surrounditig conntry fertile and full of places of historic
interest. Fifteen of the three hundred or more of Corea's walled " cities " are found
io this province. Besides Port Lazareff and Weushan (Gieuzaii), the new treaty-port,
are old camping-grounds of the Japanese, and the neighboring cities, or fu, of Toku-
gen and the capital. Hum-fun.

Attached map P9

1856-58.Chinese map Sea of Japan and East (China)Sea

地理全志. 上,下編 / 慕維廉 輯訳 - Sea of Japan (日本海)


地理全志 is "All-Geography book" written in China which introduce's european Geography study. They already use the name of "Sea of Japan日本海”, and "East(China)Sea東海

http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/ru02/ru02_00168/index.html
Voluome 1 History of Asia
http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/ru02/ru02_00168/ru02_00168_0001/ru02_00168_0001.html

7/06/2009

1861.China Pilot Third Edidtion King, John W Printed for the Hydrographic Office P379) UK

・1861.China Pilot Third Edidtion King, John W Printed for the Hydrographic Office P379) UK

They use "Sea of Japan", "Strait of Korea" and "Broughton bay"

Chapter 11 
Sea of Jpaan,Gulf of Tartary, Gulf and River Amur, Sagharin island, La Perouse strait, and Sea of Okohtuk.
P376
Sea of Japan, is bounded on the east and south by the Japan island, and on the west and north-west by coast of Korea and Tartary. It is about 900 miles long, N.N.E and S.S.W, and 600mileswide, East and West, at its broadest part. Surronded by land on all sides, This sea is only accessible by the following narrow passages:-To the south by the Korea strait, which connect it with the China Sea; to the east by La Perouse and Tsugar straits, by which it communicates with the Pacific; and to the north by the gulf of Tartary ,through which it communicates with the sea of Okhotsuk by the gulf of Amurl. The Boungo and Kino channels which lead into the Suwo nada at the southwest end of Nipon, and the connection of the Suwo Nada with Korea Strait north of kiusiu island, are as yet little known*

Tsus sima, extending about 37 miles in a N.N.E and S.S.W direction, separate the Korean strait into two chanels, the western of which is named Broughton and the eastern Krusenstern. The island is divided into two parts by a large inlet named Tsus sima sound. The southern portion is high and mountainous with two sharp peaks on its northern part, forming like asses( epars when bearing S.E. The northern portion is comparatively low and level, except about one-third from its north-east extreme, where it rises into an high mountain.
M. de Montravel places the south-east point of this island in lat .4"5 1/2N, long. 129"16'E; and Kiku-saki, the south-west point in 34"10'N., 129"10'E.
H.M.S Sylbille, in April 1855, passed through Broughton Channel, between Tsus sima and the Koran coast, and it appeared to be clear of danger on the island side. A dangerous reef was seen extending a mile or more from the south-west point of Tsus simal ad the north east point appeared to terminate in a rocky reef. Captain Forsyth, who passed through Koera strait in H.M.S Hornet, in 1856 , states that Kursenstern channel on the east side of Tsus sima is to be preferred, as it is the widest and less current was experienced in it.
caution- when navigationg Koera strait, the barometer shuold be carefully watched. especially at night, as sudden shifts of wind frequently occur with heavy gusts, which give but little warning of their approach.

P379
The East Coast of Korea , unlike the western coast, is steep-to at a short distance from the shore. A running survey was made by the Russian frigate Pallada in 1854 of its whole extent for about 600miles, from the high detached rocks at the entrance of Chosan harbour to lat. 42"31'N., long . 131"10'E. Port Lezaref, Napoleon road or Posiette harbour, and the Tumen river were surveyed by her boats.
The frigate ahad steady fair winds, and kept at a distance of from one to
4 miles off shore, approaching even nearer at some parts, and following
its windings, The coast has a uniform appearance; sometimes, however,
it changes suddenly; from being mountainous and rocky it becomes low add sandy, assuming its former appearance after a short interval.

P382 (As a part of east coast of Korea)
Broughton Bay-(Korea gulf of the French charts) is 93 miles wide between cape Duroch on the south and cape Petit Thouras on the north, and 55 miles deep, and Yung-hing bay and Port Lezaref at its head offer excellent shelter. The shores of the bay are winding and mostly low, and vessels can anchor in a moderate depth off them with safety.
The north and south shores of Broughton Bay are commanded by lofty heights near the sea. The Belavenz montains, about 15 miles south-west of cape Duroch, are respectively 6.092 and 5.884 feet above the sea; and the north at 24 miles in the interior,W.N.W. of cape Petit Thouras, mout Hienfung reaches the height of 8114 feet. The shores, although wooded and verdant, are varied occassional by waste lands and
rocky cliffs.
After passing Cape Duroch, a moderate sized bay will open out witha low sandy shore, and it probably affords good anchoring ground during southerly winds, as in general all the bays examined on their coast invariably do. A group of small islands and sunken rocks lie in the middle and in north^west parts of this bay; several of the islands have a few cedar trees. From the north extreme of the bay the coast again becomes winding and rocky, and gradually falls toward Feleny point.


By the way South Korean scholor admitted the name of "Sea of Japan" is not Japan's imperiarism or expansionism name, but it is already be established as a grobal standard name around 1861, China Pilot third edition
See here;

韓相復 水堂自然環境硏究院長 水産研究員

http://myhome.hanafos.com/my/module.php?mn=jwbbs&bbsno=8597&mode=read&premode=&idx=2346&page=1&cnum=&sval=&sitem=&skind=&act=1&mdis=0&cugno=6738190&mini=1

  • 1861년 China Pilot 제 3판 발행 영국해군성에서는 1850년대말까지 이루어진 우리 나라 주변해역에서의 지리적 지식을 종합하여 1861년 China Pilot 제 3판을 발행했습니다. 이것은 1858년에 나온 제 2판을 수정한 것으로, 독도 연구와 한반도 근해 바다의 명칭을 정리한 것이기에 중요한 문헌입니다. 제 4판은 1864년에 나왔는데, 독도에 관한 기술은 제 3판과 같습니다. 독도가 중요하게 기술된것은 항해에 위험한 장애물이 되기때문이었습니다. 제 2판에서는 독도를 Hornet Islands로 적고 1855년 4월 25일 Hornet호에서 측정한 위치를 북위 37도 14분, 동경 131도 55분으로만 간단히 기록했으나, 제 3판에서는 Liancourt Rocks로 적고 Hornet호 함장 Forsyth의 측정위치와 함께 1849년 Liancourt호에 의해서 알려졌고, 1854년에는 Olivutsa호에 의해서 Menalai and Olivutsa로도 불린다는 사실도 적어놓았습니다. 1861년 출판된 China Pilot 제 3판의 제목은 이고, 총 11장으로 구성되어 있는데, 그중에서 제 7장이 East Coast of China_Whang-Hai or Yellow Sea; Gulfs of Pe-chili and Liau-tung; and West and South Coasts of Korea 입니다. 제 11장은 Sea of Japan; Gulf of Tartary; Gulf and River Amur; Saghlin Island; La Perouse Strait; and Sea of Okhotsk 이며, 여기에 East Coast of Korea가 포함되어 있습니다. 여기서 영어 원문을 그대로 적어놓는것은 국제적 명칭 연구에 참고하기를 바라는 뜻이 담겨있습니다. 한반도의 서해안과 남해안은 아직도 많은곳이 더 조사되어야할 사항으로 남아있지만, 독도와 동해의 국제적 고유명칭 연구에 가장 귀중한 자료중 하나이기에 소개하는 것입니다. 역사적인 유래를 모르고, 게다가 중요한 문헌을 살펴보지도 않고, 의미없는 지도나 해도들을 나열하며 동해의 국제적 명칭을 논하는것은 위험한 일입니다. 동해의 국제적 명칭은 Sea of Japan으로 이미 이 때 굳어졌으며, 그 근원은 La Perouse의 과학적 탐사결과 입니다. 이제 우리가 할 일은 동해를 접하고 있는 연안국 모두가 부르기 좋은 이름으로 고치는 협의 입니다. China Pilot는 중국수로지(中國水路誌)라고 번역할 수 있으며, 동북이시아 해역의 항해안전을 위한 안
  1. 내서 입니다. 수당 한상복

1873.China Sea Directory," 1st Edition Vol. 4 (1873) UK

The description of hydrographic magazine by UK admirary office (hidrographic office)
The already Use the global standard name of Sea of Japan. It shows "the name of Sea of Japan" is not the name which Japan forced Korea call it as the result of annexation. So It is confirmed that Korean claim is distorted.


1873.China Sea Directory," 1st Edition Vol. 4 (1873) UK
http://www.archive.org/details/chinaseadirecto00deptgoog
Chapter 3 Sea of Japan and coast of Korea....
P74
Korea Strait * divides the south-east coast of Korea frm the south-west coast of the Japan islands; it is split into two channels by Tsu shima.

P75
Sea of Japan, bounded on the east and south by the Japan island, and on the west and north-west by coast of Korea and Russian Tartary is about 900 miles long, N.N.E and S.S.W, and 600miles East, and West, at its broadest part. Surronded by land on all sides, This area is only accessible by the following narrow passages:-To the south by the Korea strait, which connect it with the China Sea; to the east by La Perouse and Tsugar straits, by which it communicates with the Pacificland to the north by the gulf of Tartary ,through which it communicates with the sea of Okhotsuk by the gulf of Amurl this area is ,as far as is known, clear of rocks or dangerous with the following exceptions*:

P78
Broughton Bay-(Korea gulf) is 93 miles wide between cape Duroch on the south and cape Petit Thouras on the north, and 55 miles deep, and Yung-hing bay and Port Lezaref at its head offer excellent shelter. The shores of the bay are winding and mostly low, and vessels can anchor in a moderate depth off them with safety.
The north and south shores of Broughton Bay are commanded by lofty heights near the sea. The Belavenz montains, about 15 miles south-west of cape Duroch, are respectively 6.092 and 5.884 feet above the sea; and the north at 24 miles in the interior,W.N.W. of cape Petit Thouras, mout Hienfung reaches the height of 8114 feet. The shores, although wooded and verdant, are varied occassional by waste lands and
rocky cliffs.

7/02/2009

Korean use the name of Sea of Japan before annexatoin.

Korean use Sea of Japan before annexatoin on 1910 on their documents;

1890.03.25 
總關公文 督辦統理交涉通商事務 閔(1890년 3월 25일) → 署理總稅務司 史
현재 日本海에서 哥麥魯舡에 搭付한 大掛鏡 2面裝 1件 및 본국 廣濟舡에 搭付한 紬緞‚ 洋燭 등 각종 합계 14件이 仁川港에 到泊해 있는데‚ 署理總稅務司가 仁川稅務司에게 轉飭하여 모두 免稅 放行하게 하라는 關文.

現在日本海で哥麦魯〓に搭付ある大掛鏡2面装1件および本国広済〓に搭付ある紬緞? 洋燭など各種合計14件が仁川港に到泊しているが? 署理総税務司が仁川税務司に転飭して,皆免税放行するようにしろとの関文.


1895 Joseonjisi 朝鮮地誌(Korea Geography)
The description of Chosun Jiji朝鮮地誌, edit and published by Education editor Bureau学部編纂局 on 1895.

Chosun is located on the eastern part of Asia , faced with Sea of Japan on the Southeast, west with Yellow sea, north with
River Abnok and Duman鴨緑豆満.
朝鮮は亜細亜州の東端に在り東南は日本海に面し、西は黄海に臨み、北は鴨緑豆満二江・・・・




1899.海東志
(Quote from Kyuujanggak website:<江河>항목에서 豆滿江을 국경하천으로 소개하지 않고 5대강의 하나로만 서술한 것으로 볼 때 19세기 말 20세기 초에 우리나라의 역사지리에 대한 관심이 높아져 가고 있었던 사상적 분위기를 반영하는 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 東海를 ‘日本海’라고 표기하는 등 표현상 혼란이 나타나므로 편찬주체나 목적에 대해서는 명확히 단정하기는 어렵다. (정재훈)
)


1899-1906 Daehanjisi大韓地誌 【Great Korean Geography (official)
Daehanjiji大韓地誌,also published by Education editor Bureau学部編纂局 from 1899-1906.

Chosun(Korea) locates on the eastern part of Asia, at NorthEast of China, between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea, Bolhae. It is peninsula country. ………….
East part facing with Sea of Japan, West with Yellwow sea, south with Sea of Japan…………………..
朝鮮は亜細亜州の東端に在り支那の東北部XXX日本海X黄海渤海間X突出半島国
(中略)東X日本海XXX西は黄海XXXX日本海X黄海XXX東南X一海峡XXX日本対馬島

Above those two famous Korean textbook also uses Sea of Japan. It is not only textbook which use Sea of Japan but also many variety of Great Korean Imperial’s official document and Newspaper in Korea. It is because Sea of Japan had already been defacto standard at that time so they use Sea of Japan in various documents: check here ( By Nidanosuke).



1904.03.08 皇城新聞 日本海○의 倚例



1904.05.17.照會 第十二號
http://db.history.go.kr/front/srchservice/srcFrameSet.jsp?pSearchWord=65E5672C6D77&pSearchWordList=65E5672C6D77&pSetID=-1&pTotalCount=0&pSearchType=1&pMainSearchType=2&pQuery=002800420049003A002865E5672C6D7700290029&pSearchClassName=&oid=&url=&method=&lang=&code=&searchword=&return=
米蕯照會于咸興觀察使譯本 太平時節에 日本海에 셔 京城咸興水邊으로 俄國으로 韓國淸國여음와 物貨을 싯고 녈믐어간의 出入엿오며 至今日本과 開戰되엿기로 俄國軍隊官人더리 分付잇셔 日本軍盤이올가여 俄國浦口마다 水雷砲을 심젓오며 其水雷砲오디 아니옵고 만일 닷치은즉 砲發와 時刻의 며 군안물여 살암을 다쥬길터이오며 貴觀察使分付여 船主人덜어 操心게 오며 患難읍게 오며 장 船到泊 時을 定여 浦口마다 法程을 約條오면 貴쳐로 알계터외다 海蔘葳浦口에셔 晝則船이 東邊에셔만 出入게고 且若夜에 船이 任意로 出入즉 水雷砲을 노며 大砲로 노와읍시터이오며 大俄國一千九百四年三月十二日大俄國交界官廓米蕯封書.

1906.09.25.대한자강회월보 제3호 http://www.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=NIKH.DB-ma_01_003_0080
○ 我國은 亞細亞 東部의 一半島國이라. 西北은 滿洲遼東과 土壤을 接고 西 黃海를 限야 淸國의 山東省과 隣고 南은 朝鮮海峽을 臨고 東은 日本海와 接고 東北은 土門江을 限야 淸國의 吉林省과 俄 領海蔘威 地帶와 近야 三面에 環海이 島國과 如으로 半島라 稱나니라. 起北緯三十三度三十五分야 止四十二度卄五分고 起東經百二十四度三十分야 止百三十度三十五分니 面積이 約八萬二千方英里오 南北의 長은 三千六百餘里오 東西의 廣은 或 千餘里 或 六七百里니 此 現今 疆土之大略也라.
日本海의 大危險

1906.1907 日本海의 大危險 万歳報 만세보


1906.12.18.議政府 照會 第二百八十六號 內部
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現接統監府來文온즉 內開에 日本海及 其他沿海에 機械水雷가 浮流야 艦船航行에 危險이 不尠  아니라 種種陸岸에 漂着야 發見者가 處置上에 過誤을 因야 不意의 危害 發生 虞가 有 바 此次帝國政府에셔 其危險을 除去기 爲야 水雷發見者에 一定 金圓을 給與기로고 仍히 浮流水雷處置 注意方法을 定야 客月二十二日遞信省告示第五百八號로 公布 바 貴國沿海에 浮流 機械水雷危險除去에 關야 貴國政府어셔도 相當히 措置심을 爲要等因이온 바 査此水雷機械가 浮流海面야 不時危害 亦難預度이기 爲其參考야 日本遞信省告示 謄附照會오니 照諒신後 撮要措辭야 沿海人民으로 過有此等種類어든 極加注意에 免致危險도록 發訓沿海各郡심을 爲要. 議政府參政大臣 朴齊純 內部大臣臨時署理農商工部大臣 成岐運 閣下 議政大臣 參贊 秘書課長 參政大臣 局長 調査課長 課員 光武十年十二月十八日 光武十年十二月十八日 裁定 課員


1907.大韓新地誌 (Korean imperial new geography)
第二章 位置
我國○位置○亜細亜州○東部○在○○支那大陸○北東部○○○渤海○黄海○日本海○間○突出○楯長○半島國○○其極南○地....................





1907.06.25.대한자강회월보 제12호  http://www.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=NIKH.DB-ma_01_012_0080
第二에 最有興味 事 今日에 至야 大韓國과 日本이 分離야 中間에 朝鮮海峽이라 大海가 介在얏스나 上古時代에 兩國이 連陸얏던 確證을 地質學者의 硏究 結果로 引出지라 此 問題가 二十八九年前브터 學者의 注意를 惹起얏 日本各地에셔 象骨 象牙 象齒를 掘出 原因을 推究즉 元來 上古에 北亞細亞大 陸에 象이라 動物이 繁殖얏고 此 動物은 海中에 游泳치 못 其骨與齒를 日本에서 掘出얏슨 則 大韓과 日本이 連陸되엿던 것을 可知겟도다. 且 日本人 岡材博士가 日本沿海의 海草를 硏究 則 太平洋 方面에는 海草의 種類가 多고 日本海方面에 少을 發見지라 此로 推見더도 日本海가 太平洋에 比較면 海 成 年度가 頗淺을 證明겟고 又 太平洋方面은 水深이 六千尺에 達 處가 有고 日本海方面은 一帶甚淺야 平均 百尺에 過치 못니 以上海草와 海深의 二件을 依야 査考야도 最初에 大韓과 日本一陸地를<24>成얏다가 後來에 滄桑이 一幾야 日本海가 出來으로 兩國이 分離야 今日 地形을 成것은 明暸고 最近 日本 農商務省 地質調査所에셔 調査 바 據則 長門國最西北端에 在 嶋嶼의 岩層은 老花岡巖層 中에 新時代의 靑石岩層과 類似을 發見얏스니 此等 奇異 現象이 大韓國南岸(卽 釜山附 近 一帶沿岸)에 散在 것을 見더도  大韓과 日本이 古昔時代에 連續되엿던 證跡이 分明고 韓日兩國이 上古時代에 果然 連陸얏슬 것 트면 其 鑛物의 散布 狀態가 類似치 아니타  수 업 故로 今日에 至토록 韓國의 鑛物 散布 狀態를 硏究며 調査 中인 其 調査表를 不遠間에 公佈려니와 其 槪略을 據 則 大韓國 黃金과 石炭의 含有量은 日本에 比較면 非常히 多量것신 確實도다. 金鑛으로 言면 雲山과 如 大鑛山이 定然히 星羅碁置얏슬 것이요 石炭鑛으로 言더도 將來에 大段히 繁榮야 不可勝用 것이라 抑 夫 石炭은 上古時代의 植物이 地中에 埋沒야 炭素를 殘留인 故로 炭田 所在地에 반다시 該 時代의 植物化石이 存在겟고 換言면 草類化石과 針葉樹 化石이 岩層 中에 發見된 地方에 炭田이 確有니 蓋 日本築豊炭田으로 推見면 世界萬國의 炭田이 皆然겟고 近日 平壤에셔 採掘 無烟炭田에도 同一 結果로 岩層上 數尺地에 往往히 前記의 植物化石이 存在얏스니 其 炭田의 面積이 狹隘고 又 木浦 群山 方面에도 前記의 植物岩石을 發見 人이 有니 各 地方에 在 炭田를 以 此 等 方法으로 注目면<25>將來에 盡爲發見려니와 特이 京釜線路 兩側으로 言면 其 東側에 該 植物과 化石의 發見이 夥多야 其 範圍 大凡 慶尙南道 全部를 包含얏고 又 北道一部지 犯入얏슨즉 慶尙南道 一大 炭田이라 其 面積를 考면 日本의 築豊炭田브다 較大나 但 此를 試掘치 못얏고 又 情密히 調査치 못으로 同地에셔 如何 性質의 石炭이 如何 狀態로 散布얏지 尙 不明瞭지라 平壤地方의 無烟炭田과 同樣의 植物化石이 有데셔 數尺下에 及면 炭田이 有듯 며 近日 慶州 附近에셔 一大 無炭田이 有다고 傅 者ㅣ 有니 此 言이 必非虛誕일듯 며 以上의 硏究 것과 昨今年中의 調査 바를 據더도 慶尙南道 將來의 炭田事業으로 由야 有利有望 一大富源이 될쥴노 確證을 立노라. 大槪 各道의 主要 鑛物을 調査즉 左와 如니라.

1908.02.25 http://db.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=ma_09_001_0040
大韓學會創立序 (대한학회창립서)

金基敬
隆熙元年冬東遊之學生諸人唱論學會之說越明年正月上旬會于日本 東京 麴町區大韓留學生監督部公堂之東廡協採衆議公佈規則於是乎大韓學會之名立矣再會而掌理庶務確立制度大韓學會之事又幾整理矣從玆以往繼繼相會而大韓學會之志亦可得以達矣豈非學界之大幸耶然學會之名旣立矣學會之事旣整理矣而不能達其學會之志則名義焉而已事爲焉而巳亦何足爲幸也哉然則學會之志安在而學會之志又將何以能達也惟我.
大韓亞洲極東 ―起於東徑線百二十四度三十分至於百三十度三十五分實犬陸之極東也― 北通大陸三面蒼海 ―北接淸國 吉林 盛京兩省東濱日本海西臨勃海 黃海南隔海峽而遠望太平洋― 三千里疆土 ―面積大約八萬二千方英里― 非不廣也二千萬人民 ―人口約一千五百萬― 非不衆也且淑氣育精 ―起於北緯線三十三度十五分至於四十二度二十五分近於北溫帶中萬氣序調暢― 人文早開政敎文物未始不章章可觀矣自萬國交通之後天下之風氣大變各尙功利各圖富强龍蟠虎視於大陸東西者磊落相望生存競爭優勝劣敗朝聘玉帛夕尋干戈此何日也此何時也而顧我.
大韓昇平日久文治漸弱士氣萎靡民志頹怠閉關自守不肯振作海外戰雲看作壁上之畵國內士風甘守桃園之夢噫東晋之淸談能攘五胡之强侵耶由是國威日墜外侮日甚宗社生靈之禍乃至今日嗚呼痛矣嗚呼慘矣痛哭流涕何待賈生而後然哉何幸挽近以來迷雲漸釋新運胚萌上自.
朝家下至閭閻莫不派送子弟遊學外洋臨其出彊父兄故舊送之以言曰堅乃志氣勉爾學問以爲他日國家之棟樑以爲他日國民之標<5>範無負吾今日送汝之意也其責任之重期待之遠果何如哉而敢不猛省自勵夙夜孜孜乎然則吾儕之所當勉者學問也所當勵者志氣也斷斷一心豈有他哉雖然明鏡不能自照山石可以攻玉必湏友朋之講磨責輔然後庶免錯誤此會之所以設也曾子曰以文會友以友輔仁夫會之不以文其會也雜友而不輔仁其友也非所謂友也吾儕之會亦當取法於曾子會之以學而輔之以仁則可也然曾子之所謂文非詞章訓話之文而乃修齊治平之文所謂仁非孑孑煦煦之仁而乃洪毅遠大致君澤民之仁也天下之所謂道者豈有大於此者乎凡吾學界諸友母使聖人之言徒作紙上空文實行其事學心理倫理者實踐其理學政治法律者實遂其事學工商者實行其業學理化者實闡其變化以至兵術農藝醫藥畜産莫不實究實行則卽所謂修齊治平之學而致君澤民之道也天下豈有二道哉吾儕當以是爲學而孜孜爲力焉以其暇日會之一所聚首講論知識相長德業相勸以修其輔仁之道輯其所聞述其所見以告我內國同胞敢效其警鐸之意雖涓埃之報以爲他日祖國盡力則庶答其責任期待之萬一而會之志亦可得以達矣向所謂大幸者此也雖然凡吾學界諸友遠離祖國重涉海洋吾之所處山川風物非吾韓土吾之所接被衣戴冠非吾韓人而只與學界諸友携手相從於天涯海濱而曰大韓學界者無乃迂耶但其精神氣魄不關土地之遠近不拘人族之多寡而人人腦髓皆有大韓則雖一二人相會而曰大韓會亦可也況學生之多達於近千乎此會之所以名也若其會之沿革及分合自有舊報不必更贅於此略述其所感以告我同憾之學友亦以告我內國同胞焉不以人廢言則述者之幸也.<6>


1908.10.25. http://db.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=ma_05_003_0180
大韓新地理學 (第一編 地文地理 )

金夏鼎
第一章 名稱
我國이 原住民族時代에 一定 名稱이 無더니 檀君이 起샤 平壤에 定都시고 國號를<29>朝鮮이라 定시다. 此 時代 我國의 區域은 滿洲奉天省의 東部로브터 現今 黃海道 江原道 以北의 地며 京畿道 以南에 馬韓 辰韓 卞韓(所謂 三韓)의 三國이 有더니 高麗 太祖 王建이 此를 統合야 今 開城에 定都고 國號를 高麗라 改稱(西曆 九四二年)다가 王氏가 亡 後에 我
太祖高皇帝셔 繼天立極사 今 漢陽에 定都시고 國號를 更히 朝鮮(朝日이 鮮明다 意義를 取이라)이라 稱시니 其後 聖子神孫이 繼繼承承시고 現我
聖天子ㅣ 卽位사 萬國과 獨立을 會盟시고 更히(一八九七年)國號를 改사 大韓(韓은 方言에 一이니 統一다 意義를 取이라)이라 稱시니라.
此外에도 上古에 新羅 或은 高句麗 等의 各種 名稱이 有얏스나 記載 必要가 無으로 本書에 省略나 現今 歐米人 等은 我國을 코리아라 名稱니 此 高麗라 云 言이니라.
第二章 位置
我大韓國 位置 亞細亞洲의 東部에 在야 支那大陸의 東南端에셔 南方으로 狹長게 突出 半島國이라. 其 極南의 地 濟州鳥의 毛瑟浦니 北緯 三十三度四十六分(六十秒를 一分이라 云고 六十分을 一度라 云니 一度의 長은 約二百十二里라)에 當고 極北의 地 豆滿江 沿岸의 永遠近傍이니 北緯 四十三度二分에 當며 極西 黃海道 長淵郡長山串(或 平安道 龍川郡의 龍川浦라 云홈)이니 東經 百二十五度五分에 當고 極東은 露國과 境界되 豆滿江口니 東經 百三十五度五十八分에 當지라. 故로 我國은 其 全域이 此 溫帶中에 在니라.<30>(我國大陸의 極南은 全羅道 莞島의 西南에 在 達陵角이니 北緯 三十四度五十五分에 當니라)
第三章 境界
我國은 東西 及 南面이 日本海에 臨고 其 南端의 海角이 日本 對馬島와 相對야 海峽을 成 處 卽 朝鮮海峽이라 此를 日本人이 西水道(부롱돈 海峽)라 云니 此間의 距離 二百十四里에 不過며 西南은 黃海에 枕야 支那에 山東省, 江蘇省과 遙遙 相對고 北方大陸에 連 部分은 河流及山脈을 因야 自然的 境界를 成니 卽, 支那와 鴨緣江 及 長白山(不咸山)脈을 因야 割界되얏스며 露領 烏蘇里와 豆滿江을 因야 劃界되얏니라.(未完)<31>










1908.12.01
http://db.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=ma_04_007_0110
http://db.history.go.kr/url.jsp?ID=ma_04_008_0050
大韓商業地理
大韓商業地理 (대한상업지리)

○ 位置 我大韓帝國은 亞細亞大陸의 東部에 位야 狹長 一半島와 數多 島嶼로부터 成 者인 日本의 西方에 當고 支那北部의 東隅와 西伯利亞의 東南隅로부터 南方에 突出야 日本海와 黃海 二分다.
○ 境界 西 黃海 隔야 支那東部의 山東 江蘇 兩省에 對고 北은 鴨綠江 長白山脈豆滿江의 一部로써 滿洲奉天 吉林 兩省에 接고 南은 朝鮮海峽을 隔야 日本九州 及 五島에 對고 東은 日本海에 臨니라.
○ 廣袤 極北은 北緯 四十二度二十五分되 豆滿江口의 沿岸 鹿島 一點에셔 起야 南으로 北緯 三十三度十五分되 濟州島毛瑟浦에 達고 西 東經 百二十四度三十分되 小乳纛角으로부터 東은 東經 百三十度三十五分되 豆滿江口에 達 南北은 緯度가 凡 九度二千五百里오 東西 凡 六百里로셔 總面積은 約 八萬二千英方哩 ―我里로 十三萬四百餘方里― 假量이라.
○ 人口 我國은 古來로 精確 調査가 無으로써 諸家의 計算이 區區야 或은 一千萬이라. 或은 一千五百萬이라 或은 二千萬이라<26>稱야  何說을 準信넌지 不知나 多數로 測算 者 卽 最後의 二千萬인 故로 本邦의 人口數 大略 二千萬名으로 算定 者라. 其他 外國人의 居住 者도 亦 不少나 其 中 支那人이 二三千名이오 日本人이 十萬餘名 假量이 되나니라.
○ 地勢 滿洲의 東方에 蔓延 長白山脈은 國의 北境을 限界고 更히 南方으로 一大支脈을 生니 卽 本邦의 東南으로 駛走 大關嶺의 山脈인 此 山脈으로부터 更히 數多 支脈을 生야써 國中에 連亘 故로 到處에 險高 山陵이 起伏고 廣闊 原野가 稀少나니 大關嶺의 山脈은 國의 中央部 縱貫치 아니고 其 山軸이가 頗히 東方으로 偏斜야 南走고 極北에 在야 凡 正南으로 走야 北緯 四十度로 三十七度지 東岸으로 偏斜야 南東으로 走고 三十七度에셔 更히 西南으로 沿走야 一屈折을 生얏스니 大抵 本邦의 地勢 其 山脈의 趨向으로 從야 成 者라. 大關嶺山脈의 中軸은 東方으로 偏斜으로써 地勢가 東方에 急唆고 西方에 緩斜 故로 江流에 大 者 東方에 一豆滿江 有고 西南方에 鴨綠江 同江, 漢江, 錦江, 洛東江, 榮山江 等이 有며, 海岸線도  東方에 屈折이 甚少야 僅히 慶興, 德源, 延日 等의 三灣 有나 西方에 其 屈曲 處가 頗多야 港灣이 無數고  島嶼가 甚衆니 卽 釜山, 木浦, 仁川, 群山, 馬山, 甑南浦 等의 良港과 濟州, 巨濟, 珍島, 莞島, 智島 等의 大島가 有名지라. 地勢上으로 如斯 東西의 差別가 有과 갓치 人文地理上에 在야도  兩面의 差異가<27>甚야 西部 東部보다 人口가 稠密고 物産이 豊富고 商業이 殷盛을 可히 測知지라.<28>
<26-28>

6/13/2009

1736.Royaulme de Coree. Dh halde.

Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce (1736)

Although D'anville's Carte de Royaulme de Coree describes "Mer du Coree" on east coast of Corean Peninsula, they use "Mer Du Japon(Sea of Japan) on the artiles.

Volume Ⅳ Royaulme de Coree
PDF P170 http://www.archive.org/details/descriptiongog04duha

Après avoir fait ces 8o. lys à l'Eft, nous trouvâmes que la valée s'élargiflbit
confidérablement, 6c qu'elle formoit une plaine de plus d'une lieue
de diamètre. Nous traversâmes cette plaine en tournant vers leNord-Oueil,
6c nous pafsâmes la rivière : nous vîmes fur fes bords quantité de grofles pièces
de bois propres à bâtir, la plupart defapin: on les fait defcendre fur
cette rivière dans le tems qu'elle eft le plus fournie d'eau jufques vers la mer
du Japon: puis on les tranfporte dans une autre rivière, & en les faifant
floteriur l'eau, on les conduit jufqu'à une journée de Peking. C'eif ce qui
fait que le bois à bâtir n'y eft pas cher, quoiqu'il s'en fifle une grofle confommation
, parceque les charpentes des maifons font extrêmement fournies.


PDF 538
A Corée , qu'on peut appeller avec raifon la Cherfonefe de la Chine , puifqu'elle lui efi: contigue & triburaire, eftune grande peninfule qui s'avance en forme de cap dans la Mer orientale, entre la Chine & le Japon. La Mer du Japon la baigne à l'Orient ; le Golphe de Leao tong la fépare des Provinces de Pé tche li & de Chan tong du côté de l'Occident. Au Nord elle confine avec le pays
deNiutche (a) : elle a la grande Mer au Midi; & le fleuve Ta lou, qui la borne entre l'Occidentl & le Nord, & la diflingue du Leao tong. Elle a I200. lys {h) d'étendue d'Orient en Occident, & deux-mille-deuxà trois-cens lys du Septentrion au Midi.
La Corée a été autrefois la demeure de différens peuples , dont les principaux étoient les Mé , les Kao kiuli , les Han , & ces derniers fe partageoient encore en trois efpeces : fçavoir les Ma han , les Pien han , ..................

1/13/2009

The description landing on Dagelet,H.M.S Actaeon ,1859.



Dagelet Island Chart ,H.M.S Actaeon's survery (UKHO Ref:D7467)

There are Boussole Rock(Jukdo) and Seal Point(south Cape) on H.M.S Actaeon's chart of Dagelet 1859. (UKHO Ref: D7467). Also description of "Sea of Japan"


And U.K Hydro office replied as follows;
I have located the survey conducted by HMS Actaeon in 1859 of Dagelet Island (UKHO Ref: D7467), low resolution images attached, and reviewed several Sailing Directions including the China Pilot first edition (1855); second edition (1858), third edition (1861) and fourth edition (1864). It would appear that details from HMS Actaeon's work are not included until the 1864 Edition.




The description in the secondary source, by Blankey William about landing on Dagelet Island , H.M.S Actaeon .1859.
(quote from; On the coast of Cathay and Gipango forty years ago, A record of surveying service in the China Yellow and Japan Seas and the seabord of Korea and Manchuria,
Blakeney, William, R.N 1902.)

(P191 http://www.archive.org/stream/oncoastscathaya00blakgoog#page/n244/mode/2up)
"The Actaeon have to for a few hours off Dagelet Island, which emerges in solitary grandeur from the floor(2.000 feet deep) of the Japanse Sea, and rises to 4,000 feet above it. It lies 100 miles distant from the mainland of Korea, is clothed with forest from the verge of perpendicular cliffs of 500 feet, and is 20 miles in circumference. On every side were herds of seals, filling the air with sorrowful sounding cries, perhaps from terror at our appearing. We could make no headway through the dense undergrowth. La Perouse discovered this island in 1786, but there is no record of his landing.
A few half-starved Korean fisherman were collecting sea-slugs, etc., for Chinese epicureans, but had only a ramshackleold junk in which to make the passage across a stormy sea in almost perpetual fog. A weild and lonely spot is Dagelet Island.


By the way the book was published on 1902, They use "Korea Strait and Sea of Japan"
See Page 160 for name of the chapter;http://www.archive.org/stream/oncoastscathaya00blakgoog#page/n208/mode/2up

,attached map 1 -p167.
http://www.archive.org/stream/oncoastscathaya00blakgoog#page/n218/mode/2up
attached map2-p346
http://www.archive.org/stream/oncoastscathaya00blakgoog#page/n404/mode/2up

Sea of Japan
Strait of Korea
China Sea



1/11/2009

1901-12.Papers on Mollusca of Japan

Papers on Mollusca of Japan (1901-12) by Pilsbry, Henry Augustus, b. 1862

(P236)
Proceedings of the academy of Dagelet Island Now Known as Matsu-shima. A small and little-known island , in the Sea of Japan , east of Corea. See Travels, p.174 Adams visited the island, which is inhabited or at least used as a Haliotis-fishing station by Coreans, on the 28th of June, 1859. It is densely wooded, with a central peak 4,000 feet high. In the Travels, p. 178, a slug "with the mantle covering the whole of its back"(probably Philomycus) and a Zua (Coehlieopa) are mentioned.
In the paper on Japanese Helieidae only two species are given ;
Helix (Camcena) luchuana Sowb. (?).
Helix (Patula) elatior A. Ad.
It is the only locality for the latter species. The identification of H. luhuana is doubtful.

1882.Un Touriste Dans L'extreme Orient

Un Touriste Dans L'extreme Orient 1882
Japon, Chine, Indo-chine et Tonkin (4 Aout 1881-24 Jannier 1882)
Edmondo Cotteau
(PDF P6)
Le 6 aout, nous apercevons a tribord la cote de Coree, sous la forme de haules collines ideues, trop eloignees pour qu'on puisse en distinguer les details.Nous passons beaucoup plus pres, a habord, de la petite ile Dagelet. Il y a quelques annees, un bateau danois y fit naufrage; son equipage pat se refngier sur L'ile Argonaute, indiquee dans ces parages par les anciennes cartes anglaises, n'existe pas

1/10/2009

1590-1592. Ignacio Moreira visit Japan

There are the description of "Sea of Japan" in the Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno de la China ,published by Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza.Second devision Volume 3 was written by Martin Ignacio de Loyola. He did quoted the report about Japan by Ignacio Moreira who visit Japan during 1590-1592 and met Alexandro Valignano during his stay in Japan. Though Ignassio Moreira's Map of Japan is no longer exist, there are many Japanese map based on the information and design by Ignacio Moreira in Europe,e.g. Luis Teixeira and Dudley's map and so on.
said that

・第二部第三巻第12章
中略・・・さて、チナ国は残る第四の側(北部)で長さ五百レグア(約2800KM)におよぶ峻険な山脈によって囲まれている。そしてこの山脈は北東の部分から、ハボン(日本)の海(日本の?)北の方向にあたる)に達するまで、80レグア(約450キロ)の距離に渡り、若干の個所において、自然に切断されている。そこでこの国の巨大な富と無数の人民が(本書の第一部で詳述したように)この部分を閉塞したのである。
(ゴンザレス・メンドーサ シナ大王国誌 大航海時代 書Ⅶ 岩波書店 P540)
(Later I will put original description)

1880.A Forbidden Land: Voyages to the Corea

A Forbidden Land: Voyages to the Corea (1880)
Ernst Jacob Oppert , Ernst Oppert


Dagelet Description;
(P16-P20)
http://archive.org/stream/aforbiddenlandv02oppegoog#page/n58/mode/2up/search/Dagelet
The third of the large islands lies on the east coast, about forty-five miles distant from the main land, under the 37-25 north lat, and 133-16 long. East, and is called Ollon-to by the natives. On several charts it is erroneously put down as belonging to Japan, which is not the case; generally it is marked Matsushima, while the French give it the name of Dagelet, and the Russians Dagette. It is nearly round, is about twenty-five miles in circumference, but of its interior very little is know to us on account of its steep and rocky approaches and inaccessible shores. Ollon-to is very celebrated in Corea for its great fertility; it is said to produce everything of excellent quality, and of a size so uncommonly large and almost gigantic, that the natives on the continent have finally concluded, and state it as their positive conviction, that and island rearing produce so extraordinary cannot be inhabited by common human beings, but must necessarily be peopled by a race of similarly gigantic size. To compare the farco, the goverment has actually issued a stringent prohibition against people from the mainland settling on the island, to avert any danger which might arise to the mother-coutry from the proximity of such a giant race! An official, with and escort, is indeed sent to Ollon-to from time to time, to see that this order is not violated, and to bring back as much of the produce as can be collected during his short stay there. Coreans of a sceptical turn of mind, however, affirm, and with some show of reason, that there are a good many settlers there in spite of the prohibition, who hide themselves in the woods on the approach of the commission of inspection, which, on its part, does not venture to pursue and capture the fugitives on account of the rumours prevailing.


*Notice "37-25 north lat, and 133-16 long " is french longtitude and calculate for U.K GMT to 37-25 north lat, and 130.56 long on GMT (-2°20' difference between Grinidge and paris)

1882.Corea, the hermit nation. Dagelet can be visible from Corean peninsula.

Corea, the hermit nation. I. Ancient and mediaeval history. II. Political and social Corea. III. Modern and recent history (1882)

by Griffis, William Elliot, 1843-1928

(P110)
http://archive.org/stream/coreahermitnatio00grif#page/110/mode/2up/search/island
From a point on the sea-coast nearby, in fair weather, the island cone of Dagelet is visible.

(P206)
http://archive.org/stream/coreahermitnatio00grif#page/206/mode/2up/search/perouse
Deer are very plentiful, and the best hartshorn for the pharmacy of China comes from these parts. Out in the sea, abut a degree and a half from the coart, lies and island, called by the Japanese Matsushima, or Pine Island, by the Coreans U-lon-to, and by Europeans, Dagelet, This island was first discovered by the French navigator, La Perouse, in June, 1787. In honor of an astronomer, it was named Dagelet Island. "It is very sttep, but covered with fine trees from the sea-shore to the summit. A rampart of bare rock, nearly as perpendicular as a wall. completely surrounds it, except seven sandy little coves at which it is possible to land." The grand central peak towers four sousand feet into the clouds. Firs, sycamores, and juniper trees around. Sea-bears and seals live in the water, and the few poor Coreans who inhabit the island dry the flesh of the seals and large quantities of petrels and haliotis, or sea-ears, for the markets or the main land. The island is occationally visited by Japanese junks and foreign whaling ships, as whales are plentiful in the surrounding waters. The Japanse obtained the timber for the public and other building at their new setlement at Gansan from this island.

http://archive.org/stream/coreahermitnatio00grif#page/350/mode/2up/search/perouse
It was during the summer of this year, 1787, that La Perouse sailed along the eastern coast of Cho-sen, discovered the straits which bear his name, between yezo and Saghalin, demonstrated that the Gulf of Tartary divided Saghain from the Asian mainland, and that Corea was not sea-girt, and named Dagelet Island and its comparison Boussole. He had a copy of Hamel's book with him. He noticed that signal-fires along the coast, which from headland to headland, telegraphed to the capital the news of the stranger with his "black ship". Not as yet, however, as afterward, did the government connect the appernce of European vessels with the activity of the Christians within the realm, although La Perouse sailed under the flag which eveer afterward was indissolubly associated in Crean minds with Christianity